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Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

author:Stove maker

Last week, I went to the National Museum to see this year's blockbuster international exchange exhibition: "The Source of Italy - Ancient Roman Civilization Exhibition". Although this exhibition is charged, there have been many people since the beginning of the exhibition, after all, it is a very rare thing to see more than 500 cultural relics from Italy at a time, and the general exchange exhibition and temporary exhibition are up to more than 200 cultural relics.

The whole exhibition breaks the pattern of the general exhibition preface, main unit, and afterword, dilutes the preface and afterword, and takes the audience to understand ancient Rome through cultural relics through 10 themes.

Simply put, ancient Rome was divided into three periods: the Roman Kingdom (753-509 BC), the Roman Republic (509-27 BC), and the Roman Empire (27-1453 AD). Most of the exhibited artifacts are concentrated during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Unit 1: Prologue

There are no physical artifacts here, but the design of the Roman form (Colosseum elements and architectural elements) and the map silhouette of the Apennine Peninsula give you a quick entrance to "Ancient Rome".

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

There is such a passage on the wall

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

In the 1st century BC, the Roman Republic entered a period of crisis, and after a series of wars Augustus established a political system with the Fuehrer at its core, and the people of the peninsula were loyal to him and fought alongside him. The Roman Empire, which spanned three continents in Europe, Asia and Africa, was the most important figure in the history of ancient Rome, and Augustus (Octavian) was also the most familiar ancient Roman figure for many Chinese.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Unit 2: Memory of the Population

This part is dated to the time of the Roman Republic. At this time, the Apennine Peninsula did not have a "unified" cultural idea, and people's living outlook was relatively diverse, and the restoration of population life more than 2,000 years ago had to rely on archaeology to achieve. This unit has several large display cases, which contain a lot of cultural relics, each of which is from a tomb, which has a feeling of small warehouse display.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

During this period, cremation was still commonly used in northern Italy, and the exquisite urn was a representative artifact of the tomb; People in central and southern Italy place large quantities of metalwork and pottery around the deceased.

In addition to the region, gender and identity will also be clearly displayed in the tomb.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

The most important group of men is the soldiers. During this period, soldiers could be seen everywhere in Italy. The tombs have traditional heavy bronze armor, as well as weapons used by light cavalry.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Women's tombs are most characteristic of gold and precious stones, and the various jewelry made from them also reflects the influence of communication and multiculturalism, such as Greek culture.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Unit 3: The Flow of Language

As the name suggests, this unit mainly shows the development of the ancient Roman language and writing through cultural relics. Prior to the unification of Augustus, the languages of the Apennine Peninsula underwent a process of diversification into a Latin script.

Using excavated artifacts, people can see the indigenous script of Italy before Latin.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Piacenza bronze liver (inscribed in Etruscan on it)

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Broken sword with Old Latin on it

Unit 4: Worship of the Gods

Ancient Rome, like the rest of the world, had a process of primitive worship, sacrifice, and then evolution into religious worship. Ancient Rome had its own mythological system, close to the geographical location of Asia and Africa, which also allowed them to absorb many mythological elements of Egypt and West Asia, of course, the greatest influence on it was Greece.

The artifacts in this unit are mainly sculptures, and there is no grand mythological system, but the most simple and pluralistic mythological worship and sacrifice situation at that time can be seen from the details.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

I like this sculpture very much, and at first glance it is a girl, and she is still holding a pig in her left hand, which is very round and cute. This is a seated statue of a worshipper.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

In 1927, archaeologists found a simple temple in the Ariccia Valley, this seated statue was found here, the statue should be a female believer or priestess, experts deduced that this should be a local temple dedicated to the goddess of harvest Metel, a typical practice of worshiping Methael is only for women with fertility functions to participate, sitting like the piglet on the left hand is also a symbol of fertility.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This seated statue is the goddess Angelia, the belief of some ethnic groups in central Italy during the Roman Republic, which reflects the local worship of that time. The statue was made by local craftsmen in the Greek style and is one of the few surviving images of the goddess Angelia. The goddess on the throne, wrapped in a thick cloak, wearing a necklace and bracelet. At that time, it was believed that the goddess possessed magical and healing powers and knew about the various poisons in nature.

Sacrificial worship is often accompanied by sacrifices. There is a display case in this exhibition that makes me very curious, there are many heads and feet. At first, I thought it might be broken, but after reading the introduction and examining the exhibits in detail, I found that these "parts" were specially made.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome
Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

At that time, many wounds and diseases could not be cured, and people could only seek comfort from the gods, and the ancient Romans thought of ways to seek where there were injuries and diseases, and felt that they had injuries, so they made a foot sacrifice and asked for healing.

There are also places where bronze flakes or bronze samurai statues are sacrificed for peace.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Unit Five: The Expansion of Rome

The expansion of the Roman Republic was the foundation on which the Roman Empire was founded. This expansion was somewhat systematic, the result of generations of roman aristocratic families, one of whom the Sipias waged war against Carthage and, eventually, in 146 BC, destroyed Carthage and conquered Greece almost at the same time. A series of wars caused socio-economic changes until the establishment of the Roman Empire.

The cultural relics in this exhibition area are very interesting, at first glance it feels very similar to the previous unit of cultural relics, and there are many offerings, but most of the donations in this place are for the victory of the war.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Especially this plate, which I like very much, is called the War Elephant Offering Tray.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

In the middle of the plate is an adult Indian elephant draped in full preparation for the expedition, with a "baggage" on it, reinforced with a bronze shield. This plate may be related to the Battle of Benevantum. When the Romans and the Epicus king Pyrrhus confronted each other, a fleeing baby elephant searched for its mother, causing confusion in Pyrrhus's army, thus giving the Romans the upper hand, perhaps this plate was a souvenir made to celebrate the victory of the war.

There are also offerings that reflect the heroism of the soldiers, such as this sculpture of a scene of a Celtic and Greek god battle.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome
Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome
Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

In addition to the offerings, there were also some weapons of the time. For example, stone bullets for ballistas

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

There are also depictions of real-life scenes of the war, such as reliefs of double-decked paddle warships

Unit 6: Urban Planning

When you see the words Rome and city, the first reflection is this sentence: Rome was not built in a day. The city is an important element of ancient Roman civilization and an important condition for binding with "citizen organizations", so the ancient Romans invested a lot in urban construction, and now there are many historical monuments in Rome, the capital of Italy, which is known as the world's largest "open-air history museum".

This exhibition does not have much about the city's cultural relics, and indeed it is more focused on the planning and construction of the city. Take, for example, this restored measuring instrument.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This relief fragment of the founding ceremony shows the determination of the boundaries of the city by ploughing the ground, and the people on it wear the Roman characteristic "toga robe", with decorative bands on their heads and triangular ornaments.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Unit Seven: The Evolution of Faith

From the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire, the original diversity of gods worship became a more universal religion. Since then, religion has become the cornerstone of the judicial, social and political order of ancient Rome, and has also become the daily life of the ancient Romans, who incorporated "sacrifice" into the code. Sacrifices are held on various occasions in order to express gratitude to the gods and to ask for their protection.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This belief existed not only in the cities under the direct jurisdiction of the Roman Empire, but also in the colonial and municipalities, and almost everywhere there were worships of Jupiter (the king of the gods in Roman mythology, which can be compared with Zeus in Greek mythology), Juno (the goddess of Roman mythology, Jupiter's wife, who can be compared to Hera in Greek mythology) and Minerva (the goddess of wisdom, war, moon and memory in Roman mythology, and Athena in Greek mythology).

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

In the exhibition hall, this unit is also mixed with several artifacts from the Roman Republic period, which is very interesting and can be simply summarized as "lightning worship". It is a ritual of burying things that have been struck by lightning, and sometimes preparing sarcophagi for these things, after the ceremony, this place is a holy place, and it is necessary to fence it off and no one can enter it. Checked, this is the Roman Republic of Italy central Italy Etruscan customs, checked the city-state, found a book: "Etruscans: Italy a life-loving people", looking at this "lightning worship", feel really quite alive.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Relief of Hercules

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Ancient Roman altars of the twelve gods

Unit 8: The Age of Luxury

The constant expansion of wars and convenient geographical locations allowed the ancient Romans to obtain a large number of resources from their own. For example, gold, silver, marble and other material materials from Greece, Africa and Asia Minor, and many slaves also entered Rome, which greatly promoted development, and the ancient Roman aristocracy had a luxurious life and created many exquisite works of art in the Roman style.

The cultural relics of this unit are naturally the most wonderful in each unit, and many of the cultural relics of this unit come from the ruins of Pompeii.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

For example, this Apollo bronze lamp holder is about the same size as a real person and is beautifully made

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This tangle cup is also very delicate, reflecting the superb glassmaking process of ancient Rome

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This coffin bed also reveals low-key luxury everywhere

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This funeral relief can also be seen in the luxury of the funeral at that time

Unit 9: The Faces of Beings

Rome, the capital of Italy, has a beautiful nickname: the Eternal City. It means that the history of this place has been sealed for thousands of years. Ancient Rome did pursue eternity, and this is largely reflected in people's portraits.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Augustus is like

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Female figure

In the middle of the 2nd century BC, a Greek historian came to Rome and witnessed a funeral of a local magnate, which made him deeply influential: a group of actors appeared at the funeral, all wearing wax masks printed with the faces of the ancestors of the deceased, according to the ancient custom, only nobles had the right to have such portraits of ancestors, stored in lockers.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

This suddenly looked like Voldemort

Therefore, the portrait sculpture of ancient Rome is a unique artistic category, and this unit exhibits many of the "faces of all beings" from the ancient Roman period.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Female figure

Unit 10: Descendants of Caesar

Caesar's descendants were the founders, builders and successors of the Roman Empire, who created the splendor of the Roman Empire and made great contributions to ancient Roman civilization.

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Goddess of Victory and Loot

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Relief of the Goddess of Victory and the Monument

Say that Italy certainly can't get around Rome! In the year of Sino-Italian cultural tourism, 500 cultural relics to see ancient Rome

Wings of Victory

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