In the process of establishing the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang respected Zhang Liang very much, so liu Bang respected Zhang Liang, in addition to Zhang Liang's talent, personality and other reasons, is there any other factor?
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang quickly retired, but Zhang Liang was only a strategist, not a chancellor like Xiao He who held great power, not a prince with heavy troops, and there was no threat to Liu Bang's rule, so why did he retire, was he good at mingzhe to protect himself, or was he weak and sickly helpless, or what other reasons?
In fact, if you understand Zhang Liang's true age, then there may be some direct answers to the above two questions.
Regarding Zhang Liang's true age, there is no direct record in the history books, but it seems to have left an important clue: when Zhang Liang received the book, Huang Shigong threw his shoes under the bridge and said: "Widow, take the shoes!" ”
What should you do, obediently go down and get your shoes? Anyway, the historical record is "good shock, want to beat it", Zhang Liang, who once assassinated Qin Shi Huang, obviously did not have a good temper, and there are also history books that record "good anger, want to scold", but considering that Huang shigong was old, so he "endured and took the next step".
In Su Shi's Xiongwen "Treatise on Liu Hou", according to the word "widow", it is believed that Zhang Liang was a teenager at that time, and Huang Shigong asked him to take his shoes in order to "deeply fold the vigor of his youth, so that he could endure small grievances and make him plot a big plan".
So, when Huang shi was awarded the book, was Zhang Liang really just a teenager? In fact, the truth subverts the traditional perception, although it is not certain that Zhang Liang is a white-bearded old man, but he is definitely over 30 years old.
Zhang Liang is Korean, his grandfather and father are famous, and he holds important positions in Korea, which is clearly recorded in the history books.
Zhang Liang's grandfather was named Zhang Kaidi, who successively assisted the three generations of monarchs of Han Zhaohou, Han Xuanhui, and Han Xiang, and was "the fifth generation of Han" with his son Zhang Ping, that is, Zhang Kaidi and Zhang Ping were both Korean ministers.
In 362 BC, Marquis Han Zhaohou succeeded him and appointed Shen Bu to make Korea stronger, and died in 333 BC. Among them, Shen Buxi became a chancellor in 351 BC, for 15 years, and died in 337 BC. Therefore, the time when Han Zhaohou appointed Zhang Kaidi as a chancellor should be between 337 BC and 333 BC.
King Xiang of Han succeeded him in 312 BC and died in 296 BC. Therefore, the last time zhang kaidi served as chancellor was from 312 BC to 296 BC.
According to normal circumstances, when zhang openly serves as a minister, he should not be less than 30 years old. Based on this calculation, the age at the time of the opening of the office is at least 50 years old, or even more than 70 years old.
Zhang Liang (pictured above, stills) has a father named Zhang Ping, and has successively served as a chancellor to assist the King of Han and the King of Han Huanhui. King Huan of Han succeeded him in 296 BC and died in 273 BC, and King Huanhui of Han died in 239 BC.
According to normal circumstances, when Zhang Ping served as a minister, his age should not be less than 30 years old. Based on this calculation, Zhang Ping was born from 326 BC to 303 BC.
According to historical records, Zhang Ping died in 250 BC. Therefore, Zhang Ping's death expectancy should be at least 53 years old. In fact, considering Zhang Pingdi's age and the fact that he married earlier at that time, Zhang Ping's real age should be at least over 60 years old.
In addition, Zhang Liang had a younger brother, and the history books do not record the name, but say that after the fall of Korea, although Zhang Liang still had three hundred servants, he did not hold a funeral after his brother's death, but invested all his money in the plan to assassinate Qin Shi Huang.
Although the birth time of Zhang Ping and Zhang Liang is not recorded, it is obvious that two important conclusions can be drawn:
1, During Zhang Kaidi's tenure as chancellor, his son Zhang Ping was born, but his grandson Zhang Liang was not born. If Zhang Liang was born at that time, then by the time of the Chu-Han struggle for hegemony, Zhang Liang would have been more than a hundred years old.
2, Zhang Ping died in 250 BC, Zhang Liang must have been born before that, and at least before 251 BC. Zhang Liang's birth time range is roughly 273 BC (or earlier) - 251 BC.
The author believes that based on Zhang Ping's age, marriage age, suitable age for childbearing, etc., Zhang Liang should have been born around 260 BC. Too early, Zhang Liang is too old to conform to the history of assisting Liu Bang Jianhan; Too late, Zhang Liang was too young to meet Zhang Ping's situation.
Since Zhang Liang's real age is not small, why did the Huang shigong in the historical records call Zhang Liang a "widow"? The reason is very simple, the Qing Dynasty scholar Qian Daxin had a study of "widow", and the "widow" in the ancient text has a variety of meanings, not simply referring to young children, children, and children, as well as children, vertical zi, containing the meaning of contempt and contempt.
In 218 BC, Zhang Liang Bolangsha assassinated Qin Shi Huang, at this time Zhang Liang should be around 40 years old.
After the assassination failed, Zhang Liang absconded to Xia Pi and subsequently encountered the Huangshi Gongshu. Su Shi said that Zhang Liang was still a "teenager" at this time, which was obviously nonsense, even if Zhang Liang was born in 251 BC, he was already in his 30s at that time.
When the war at the end of Qin and the struggle for supremacy between Chu and Han were over, Zhang Liang should have been more than 50 years old. In this way, it can also explain why Liu Bang respected Zhang Liang, the reason is that in addition to talent, there is also Zhang Liang's extraordinary birth and older age, so Zhang Liang's role at that time was "emperor master".
It must be noted that there are two theories about Liu Bang's age in the history books, that is, he was born in 256 BC or 247 BC. If he was born in 256 BC, then Liu Bang was three years younger than Qin Shi Huang, married Lü Yan at about 40 years old, and personally led the army to suppress the rebellion many times when he was about 60 years old. But Liu Bang's family is not bad, he is also a pavilion chief, how can he not get married until he is 40 years old? Moreover, Liu Bang also personally enlisted many times when he was more than 60 years old, and personally enlisted Yingbu at the age of 61, which is too unreasonable to pro-enlist at such an advanced age. Therefore, Liu Bang should have been born in 247 BC at the age of 53, much younger than Zhang Liang, so he regarded Zhang Liang as a teacher.
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang was already the age of Hua Jia, and the history books said that Zhang Liang was weak and sickly, and it was reasonable to retire at such an age and physical condition. In fact, Zhang Liang did not pose any threat to Liu Bang's imperial power, and his meritorious retirement may have been considered by Mingzhe to protect himself, but it may be more related to his age.
It can be seen that in the process of the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Liang was not a middle-aged and young man with a fluttering immortal spirit, but an old man with white hair and fluttering hair who had a rich accumulation of life. Although it subverts our traditional cognition, it is most likely to be the truth.
References: Chronicle of History, etc