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The ancient family training culture is a source of subtlety

author:Bright Net

Speaker: Wu Zhongsheng Speech Venue: Gannan Normal University Speech time: June 2022

The ancient family training culture is a source of subtlety

Professor of Gannan Normal University, Researcher of Gannan Normal University, Research Center of Jiangxi Provincial Research Center for Theory system of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, National Outstanding Teacher, Candidate of Jiangxi Province", Candidate of Jiangxi Province Million Project, Standing Director of China "Wenxin Carving Dragon" Society, Standing Director of Ancient Chinese Literature Theory Society.

"Family training" refers to the discipline within the family, that is, the direct instructions and personal teachings of the father and grandfather to the children and grandchildren, the parents to the family, and the patriarch to the clan, as well as the exhortations of the brother to the brother and sister, and the instructions between husband and wife. In ancient times on the mainland, as a form of family education, it was an indispensable spiritual bond for maintaining and developing a family.

Stylistic perspective

"Explanation of Words": "Training, preaching also." It can be seen that "discipline" is a way of acting, specifically an act of teaching the Tao. Tracing the origin of the "training" body, its earliest name is stylistic, which should appear in the Book of Shang. The Book of Shang is a compilation of political discourses from Yao to Zhou. Kong Anguo's Preface to the Book of Shang mentions: "The Hundred Texts of Canon, Mo, Xun, Curse, Oath, and Destiny" (Anthology of Literature, vol. 45), which refers to the six styles of "each performing its own duties" in the Book of Shang. As one of the "Six Bodies of Shangshu", the original "training" was also born of politics. This is the "precept of government affairs", which records the admonitions about the laws of governance, from the monarch's instructions to the succession to the throne and his subordinates, and from the courtiers to the monarch. With the development of society, the "training" body has generally undergone a transformation from "the training of political affairs" to the "training of tutoring", and at the same time, in the process of interpenetration with other styles, its connotation boundaries have been expanding.

Based on the didactic meaning of "training" in a broad sense, those articles with the main content of teaching and commandments can be regarded as "precept" style texts. In the case of the Book of Shang, although many of the articles are not titled "Training", in terms of their content, they are actually "Training" style texts. As Kong Yingda said: "The name of the "Book" is established according to the matter, and there is no style, but it is casually written. ”

In general, whether it is the "training" style text in the name of "training" or the article that is not titled "training" but is actually a "training" style, it reflects the characteristics of "training" as an ancient style, and played a certain social function in ancient times - the role of political discipline. Therefore, as a style, "training" was originally "standing according to events", which was to serve the political needs of the time, and as a kind of "royal political training", it also exercised the role of a kind of "royal family training", which in a sense can be regarded as the precedent of traditional Chinese family training.

Whether it is the pre-Qin period's "诰", "令", "Zhen", "Ming" and other styles with the nature of teaching and preaching, or the "commandment" text that arose later, all of them are the same as the "training" style in terms of the function and nature of their style. In addition, there are "rules" and "orders" and other styles, which are often used in the context of "teaching and teaching", which have similar functions to the "training" body. For example, "Ling" also originated from the political edict text, which is an ancient style of political application. The Wenxin Carved Dragon Zhao Ce (文心 Carved Dragon Zhao Ce) says: "The precepts are the texts, and the ones who cut the edicts are the ones", and Liu Xun believes that the words of the admonitions are the most practical of the edicts. Like the "precepts" and "commandments", when the "order" is extended from the "government decree" to the family, it becomes the "family order" and begins to perform the duty of family education. And the "rule" itself has the normative meaning of "no rules and no squares", "Shuowen Jiezi": "Rules, there are laws and regulations." That is to say, "rule" means to conform to the law. Wu Zengqi's "Stylistic Discussion": "This body has no teacher in ancient times, and the Tang people intend it." This is also the meaning of every rule and statute for posterity. These rules and regulations are actually some "exhortations" and "disciplines" and other admonitions and exhortations, and in ancient times, "rules" often appeared in families, schools and other places. The treaty by which the elder regulates the speech and behavior of young children also forms the statute of the family, the family rule. "Orders" contain a stronger mandatory meaning, and "rules" have a greater binding nature, but as a style, they all play the same social role as "precepts", and can be regarded as within the category of "precepts" in a broad sense. Ancient Chinese style has rich connotations and extensions, it is constantly developing and changing, and there are often inextricable links between various styles, such as the above-mentioned "training" and "proverbs", "commandments", "orders", "rules" and other styles, produced on different "specific occasions", but have similar social functions. In ancient China, the complex ambiguity and uncertainty of the style made the boundaries between the styles blurred, and it was difficult to draw a clear boundary between the above types of styles, "training" and "proverbs", "commandments", "orders", "rules", etc. are practical styles with the function of "teaching", in fact, they are often regarded as the same style.

The ancient family training culture is a source of subtlety

"Yan Family Training". Profile picture

The ancient family training culture is a source of subtlety

"Yan Family Training" book shadow. Profile picture

The ancient family training culture is a source of subtlety

In Gaoping Village, Chuanshan Town, Liujiang District, Liuzhou, Guangxi, volunteers write family rules for villagers. Xinhua News Agency

The ancient family training culture is a source of subtlety

At Lianjiang Academy in Chengmen Town, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, primary school students listen to the narrator introduce the story of Zhu Xi's lectures. Photo by Xie Guiming/Guangming Pictures

The discipline of the family

Traditional family training is a cultural phenomenon in ancient China, which embodies the educational concepts and life wisdom accumulated by ancient Chinese for thousands of years. The term "family training" first appeared in the Later Han Shu Bian Rang Biography: "The hair is lonely and lonely, and the family training is not fulfilled." It means "the teaching of parents", that is, tutoring. Family training is rooted in China's deep historical and cultural soil, and is a unique norm for Chinese family governance. The wisdom of governing, rationalizing and rejuvenating the family contained in it is also the enduring "heirloom" that has maintained thousands of families in ancient China.

Broadly speaking, as long as it is to teach future generations how to cultivate themselves and the family, words and words are "family training". Like Zhou Gong's "Book of Commandments", Cao Cao's "Inner Commandments", Zhuge Liang's "Book of Commandments", "Book of Commandments for Nephews", Sima Tan's "Fortune Son Migration", Tao Yuanming's "Life Son", etc. are all "family training". After the Tang and Song dynasties, a large number of family training in the form of rhymes appeared, such as Du Xunhe's "Title Brother and Nephew Shutang", Lu You's "Shi'er", and Shao Yong's "Commandments", "Godson Yin", "Teaching and Persuasion Yin" and so on.

Chen Zhensun admired the "Yan Family Training", and said in the "Zhizhai Book Record Solution" that "the ancient and modern family training is based on this as the ancestor", which is from a narrow point of view. Chen Zhensun's claim is based on evidence, because from the perspective of the history of family training, the "Yan Family Training" marks the maturity of traditional family training in ancient China and is a model for successive generations of tutoring. It is a family of its own, newly created "family training" style, is the first "family training" named after the "family training" style of writing, can be called "the ancestor of family training".

"The foundation of the world is in the country, the foundation of the country is at home", during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, family culture arose, and family consciousness became increasingly strong. There have been important changes in the system of electing officials, from the "inspection system" in the Two Han Dynasties to the "Nine Pins Zhongzheng System" in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the family lineage is the main basis. People pay more attention to "family style", "family voice" and "family learning". The "Yan Family Training" talks about the importance of cultivating a good family style in chapters such as "Godson", "Governing the Family", and "Wind Exercise", such as "Ruling the Family": "If the anger is abandoned at home, then the fault of the son is established; If the punishment is not met, the people are not caught off guard. The generosity of the ruler is also the kingdom of Judah. "Let's talk about governing the family and governing the country at the same time." The opening chapter of the "Involvement in Affairs" mentions: "Where a gentleman is in the world, you can benefit the ear of things, do not talk about false arguments in vain, the left qin and the right book, and the feiren junlu position is also!" "That is to say, as a gentleman and a gentleman, to be able to do something beneficial to others or society, to talk loudly and on paper, is to be ashamed of his official position." "Family training" is a unique norm for governing the family of the ancient Chinese, and it is also a practical style unique to Chinese literature.

Homeschooling traditions

Since ancient times, China has been good at summing up the experience and lessons of the rise and fall of the family: "The house of good will have a surplus of celebration, and the house of the bad will have a remnant." (Zhou Yi Kun Wen Yan) "The goodness of a gentleman is also long, and the evil is also short, and the evil and evil stop himself, and the good and the good are good and the descendants." ("The Tale of the Ram: Twenty Years of ZhaoGong") Therefore, for the sake of future generations, we must do more good deeds. Advocate a good family style, such as: "Father, son, brother, brother, brother, husband, woman, and the family is righteous." Right home and the world is set. The so-called "kings and subjects, fathers and sons", many people understand from the perspective of feudal ethics and morality, and I think the more important connotation of this sentence is that everyone should do their "duties", the father should have the appearance of a father, and do what the father should do. Other family members also do their "duties", so that they will "qi family", and by extension, the world will be too peaceful. "Etiquette: University": "Whoever wants to rule his country must first gather his home." "One family benevolence, one country xingren; One family lets, one country makes concessions; One man is greedy, and one country is in turmoil. "That's the same way.

Liu An, the king of Huainan in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, told a story:

In the past, the king of Chuzhuang won the victory between the rivers and the Yong, and returned to the title of Sun Shu'ao, but resigned. ...... His son said, "If I die, the king will be a daughter." The woman will let the land be fertile, and those who have hills between the sand and the stones will be ugly because of the stones. Jingren ghost, Yue ren Zhen, ren Mo Zhili also. "When Uncle Sun died, Wang Guo sealed his son in a fertile land, and his son resigned and did not accept it. The custom of the Chu kingdom, the meritorious second and the lord, but Sun Shu'ao exists alone. ("Huainanzi Human Training")

Sun Shu'ao was a hero of the King of Chuzhuang, and he was supposed to be given a fertile territory, but he chose "AoQiu", a place with many sand and stones, and even the place names were ugly, and no one could look at it. But then what? The descendants of the other heroes who chose the fertile territory soon perished, and only the descendants of Sun Shu'ao survived. Because the fertile land is wanted by everyone, so there will be fighting, and the barren land is not wanted by anyone, so there is no fear of life.

Professor Chen Zhenghong of Fudan University wrote a book "Bloodline: The Family of the History", what is the family? It is some large family that has flourished for generations. The prosperity of some family families, the reason why a family has existed for a long time, there are elements of spiritual composition, and there are definitely some places worthy of our reference in cultivating excellent family style. Let's look at a few examples.

"Wu Taibo, Taibo's brother Zhongyong, are all sons of King Tai of Zhou, and Wang Jili's brother is also." Ji Lixian, and there was the Holy Son Chang, and the King tai wanted to establish the ji calendar and Chang, so Tai Bo and Zhongyong were both began to beg jingman, and the tattoo was cut off, showing that it was not available, in order to avoid the seasonal calendar. Ji Li GuoLi is for Wang Ji, and Chang is King Wen. ("History of the Wu Taibo Family")

The first article of the "Shijia" "Shijia" of the "History", "Wu Taibo Shijia", tells the story of a brother who is humble and humble. Taibo and his younger brother Zhongyong were both sons of King Tai of Zhou in the Zhou Dynasty, and they also had a younger brother named Ji Li, who had a son, Ji Chang, who was very popular with King Tai of Zhou. King Tai of Zhou wanted to pass the throne to Ji Chang, so he had to find a way to pass his throne to Ji Li first. Taibo and Zhongyong saw king Zhou's thoughts and ran to the barbaric land in the south at that time, so that his younger brother Ji Li could safely inherit the throne. Later, Ji Li did inherit the throne, and his son Ji Chang also inherited the throne, and Ji Chang was later known as King Wen of Zhou. This is the story of the Wu family's "Dejang", and the descendants of the Wu family have the precept of "Dejang" in many places, and there are four words on the lintel of the ancestral hall of the Wu family in many places. Confucius said: "Tai (Tai) Bo, which can be said to be the most virtuous, is also known as the best of virtue, and the three are called the people who have nothing to gain." (The Analects of Tabor) is talking about this virtue of humility.

"Ding Ugly, Cui Zhao Lizhuang's half-brother Pestle Mortar, is for the Duke of Jing. Jing Gongmu, Uncle Lu's grandson Xuanbo's daughter also. Jing Gongli, with Cui Yu as the right phase and Qingfeng as the left phase. The two phases are afraid of chaos, but they are allied with the people: 'Do not die with Cui Qing!' Yan Zi looked up at the heavens and said, "The infant is not only loyal to junli sheji!" 'No alliance. Qingfeng wanted to kill Yanzi, and Cui Yu said: "Loyal subjects, give up." The Qi Taishi book says: "Cui Yu killed Zhuang Gong", And Cui Yu killed him. His brother Fushu was killed by Cui Yufu. The young brother replied, and Cui Yu was shed. ("History of the Qi Taigong Family")

The three brothers of Qi Taishi, in the face of the usurper Cui Yu, Qi Taishi insisted on the duties of a historical official, insisting on writing "Cui Yu killed Zhuang Gong", and Cui Yu killed Qi Taishi. Qi Taishi's younger brother succeeded him as a historian and wrote it again, and Cui Yu killed him again. Qi Taishi's younger brother then served as a historian and insisted on writing like this, and Cui Yu was scared and had to let him go. The three brothers of the Qi family adhered to the spirit of shi guan's record, the so-called "good, good, evil, virtuous and unworthy" (Sima Qian's "History of Tai Shi Gong Self-Order"), "not vain beauty, not hidden evil" (Ban Gu,"Hanshu Sima Qian's Biography of Praise"). This spirit of recording is not only a spirit of historiography, but also a professional ethics and a spirit of personality. Wen Tianxiang's "Song of Righteous Qi" in "In Qi Tai Shi Jian" says this allusion.

"After that, the king of Wu collapsed, became a king, and was in the midst of strength. The Duke of Zhou feared that the King of Wu would collapse in the world, and the Duke of Zhou would become the regent of the state. Uncle Guan and his brothers rumored to the state: "The Duke of Zhou will not be conducive to becoming a king." The Duke of Zhou told Tai Gong Wang and summoned Gong Yi: "The reason why I am the regent of The World, I am afraid of the world and zhou, and I cannot sue my ancestors, King Tai wang, Wang Ji, and Wang Wen." The worries of the three kings have been in the world for a long time, and now and then it will be completed. The King of Wu is the end, the king is less, and he will become a week, so I am like this. ’...... Become a king and be able to listen to politics. Therefore, the Duke of Zhou returned to the government of King Cheng, and king Cheng came to the dynasty. ("History of the Lu Zhou Gong Family")

The story is that after the death of King Wu of Zhou, his son King Cheng of Zhou was too young. King Wu of Zhou's younger brother Zhou Gongdan saw this and took the place of King Cheng of Zhou to manage the affairs of the dynasty, which left a mouth. Zhou Gongdan ignored the gossip of the people of the world, and when King Zhou Cheng grew up, he would become a king. At this time, the people of the world finally knew that Zhou Gongdan was selfless. Sima Qian called this story the "Gift of Concessions." ("Lu Zhou Gong ShiJia") Tang Dynasty Bai Juyi's "Five Songs of Letting Go" The third "Give the King a Law to Resolve Fox Doubts": "The Duke of Zhou feared the rumor day, and Wang Mang was humble and did not usurp the time." Xiang Ling died in the first place, and the truth or falsity of his life is unknown. This spirit of Zhou Gongdan is a spirit of responsibility and a character of keeping promises.

The above-mentioned humility, due diligence, and trustworthiness are the basic moral norms that the ancients believed to be adhered to in the world, and they are also the basic tenets of many families.

The purpose of family rules and family training is not to "track things and the world", but to "tidy up the door and tear up the descendants", precisely because it is said to the relatives of the same ancestors, so it is more sincere and more credible, the so-called "husband and wife believe in the same word, believe in their relatives; Walk with your destiny and do what you do. Take the "Yan Family Training, Preface") For example, this book has a total of 20 articles, orderly zhi, godson, brother, post-wife, family governance, wind exercise, Mu Xian, articles, name and truth, involving affairs, provincial affairs, stopping feet, commanding soldiers, health maintenance, returning to the heart, documentary evidence, phonetics, miscellaneous arts, final system, etc., involving many aspects such as inside and outside the family, and the scholar standing in the world. For future generations, under the premise of clarifying their inherent historical limitations, there are many ideological contents in them, which are still of practical significance today.

Do not spoil children: "If the parents are majestic and kind, the children are afraid and filial piety." I see the world, without teaching and loving, every can not be; Eat and drink, do as you please, should be admonished to turn over the prize, should be laughed back, to the point of knowledge, called Fadanger. Arrogance has become accustomed, Fang copied it, pounded it to death without authority, anger grew day by day and increased resentment, caught in growth, and finally lost virtue. ("Yan's Family Training, Godson")

Good choice of friends: "It is to live with good people, such as entering the room of Zhilan, and over time it is self-righteous; Living with the wicked, such as entering the abalone wanton, over time and self-deodorizing also. Explains that "a gentleman must be cautious in his travels." ("Yan Family Training, Mu Xian")

Persuasion: "Since the Ancient Ming Dynasty Emperor, you must study diligently, and you are very good at it!" "In life, there will be a job: the peasants measure the crops, the merchants discuss the bribery of goods, the craftsmanship is used for fine instruments, the tricks are meditated on magic, the warriors are accustomed to bowing horses, and the scribes are accustomed to discussing the scriptures." It is common to see that the doctors are ashamed of being involved in agricultural businessmen, sending migrant workers, shooting can not wear the za, the pen is only remembered, full of food and drunkenness, suddenly nothing happens, so as to sell the day, so that the whole year. ("Yan's Family Training, Mian Xue")

Faithfully and faithfully: "The materials used by the country are no more than six things": one is the "minister of the imperial court", the second is the "minister of literature and history", the third is the "minister of the army", the fourth is the "minister of the fanping", the fifth is the "minister of mission", and the sixth is the "minister of construction". "Human nature has its strengths and weaknesses, is it not the responsibility to be beautiful in the six ways?" But when everyone knows how to point out and can keep a duty, they are not ashamed. ("Yan's Family Training and Involvement in Affairs")

Thinking of danger in peacetime: "In the life of Ju Chengping, I do not know that there is a disaster of mourning; Under the temple, I don't know if there is an urgent need for war; The resources of Bao Lulu, who do not know the suffering of ploughing; Above the unscrupulous people, they do not know that there is a hard work, so it is difficult to respond to the world's economic affairs. ("Yan's Family Training and Involvement in Affairs")

Heavy farming: "The ancients wanted to know the difficulties of the crops, and the way of the Sigui Valley was also the way." Husbands eat for the people, the people do not eat and do not live, three days without grain, father and son can not coexist. Cultivate, cultivate, harvest, accumulate, blow, blow, blow, how many hands, and enter the warehouse, can you light agricultural affairs and expensive last karma? ("Yan's Family Training and Involvement in Affairs")

Shou Dao Chongde: "A gentleman should keep the Tao and revere virtue, and when he is waiting for the price, he will not ascend to the throne, and believe in the Mandate of Heaven." He advocated the virtue of a gentleman and opposed the "impatience to win the official." ("Yan's Family Training"

"Yan Family Training" is the earlier family rules and family training in the mainland, which has made various norms and disciplines for the daily behavior of the clansmen, and the emphasis on the cultivation of character is an important part of it, such as "Yan Family Training And Mian Xue": "The husband reads and learns, and he wants to be happy and clear-sighted, which is conducive to his ears." "Yan's Family Training, Mian Xue": "Fu scholars therefore seek to benefit the ear." When people read dozens of books, they are tall, they overlook the elders, and they are in the same row; Man is as sick as an enemy, and evil is like an owl. It is better to learn and lose oneself than to learn nothing. For "the study of oneself", the "Yan Family Training" has a clearer statement:

The ancient scholars took it for themselves to make up for the deficiencies, and the scholars of today are human, but they can also say it. The scholar of the ancients was a man, and the path of Eli Shiya; Today's scholars are for themselves, cultivating themselves to seek progress. Fu scholar Judas planted trees also, spring play its flowers, autumn climb in fact; Lecture chapters, Chunhua also, self-cultivation, Qiu Shi also. ("Yan's Family Training, Mian Xue")

Interestingly, Yan Zhitui pointed out that the connotations of the so-called "for oneself" and "for others" of ancient and modern scholars are different, but regardless of ancient and modern times, one thing is common, that is, the ultimate purpose of our "lectures" is to "cultivate oneself and practice".

Serve the country loyally: "Husbands and wives must not hesitate to be spared, and they must not be spared." Wade into the path of danger, do difficult things, greed to hurt life, slander and death, this gentleman's pity. To do the precepts of filial piety and to see thieves, to perform benevolence and righteousness and to offend, to lose one's whole family, to save the country with one's body, and to be blamed for a gentleman. ("Yan's Family Training• Health") "Seekers, body planners; Those who regret the cost, the national conspiracy also. If you plan for the country, you can't do it twice. Sincere subjects abandon their relatives, filial piety settles down and forgets the country, and each has his own deeds. This is the idea that loyalty and filial piety are difficult to achieve, and at the critical moment, it advocates abandoning filial piety and fulfilling loyalty.

During the Six Dynasties period, the Central Plains were in turmoil, and many large families in the Central Plains moved south with their families, and they still maintained the ideological concepts of the Central Plains culture ideologically. The dominant idea of the Yan Family Training is the traditional Central Plains culture. In order to survive and develop in the relatively unfamiliar south, these large families attach special importance to the education of family members. Yan Zhitui recalled that he had been subjected to strict tutoring since he was a child: "My family's style of teaching is known as a whole secret. Once upon a time, they were tempted; Every two brothers, Xiao Xi Wen Yan, rules and manners, An Ci fixed color, Gong Gong wing wing, if the Dynasty Yan Junyan. ("Yan Family Training, Preface") Another example is that Liang Dynasty Xiao Xuan's "Jin Louzi" has a "precept chapter", which collects some good words and famous sayings from the descendants of the discipline in history, such as the Jin Renming of the Heji Temple, "No more words, more words and more defeats; Nothing is troublesome, there are many troubles" and so on.

There were good cultural roots in the Central Plains, and there was a strict family education, and many large families were talented at that time. At that time, the famous literary theorist Liu Xun said: "The forest of the gentry, the xiawei and soaring; Wang and Yuan Lianzong used Dragon Zhang, Yan and Xie Chongye used Fengcai, and he, Fan, Zhang, and Shen's disciples were also innumerable. Liu Xun said that the Wang, Yuan, Yan, Xie, He, Fan, Zhang, Shen and other families were all famous families at that time, and many talents appeared. Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty has a poem: "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people. "[Wuyi Lane]" still has feelings for the rise and fall of many families in the Six Dynasties.

Hakka house rules and family training

Below, we will focus on the Hakka rules and family training that we have collected and sorted through surveys and other means. Hakka's traditional family rules and family training is one of the representatives of China's family training culture, which contains the feelings of loyalty and filial piety, the code of conduct of goodwill and good-neighborliness, and the survival wisdom of diligence and thrift.

For the family, the Hakka people attach importance to the education of "filial piety". For example, the "Liu Family Rules" (Song Jiatai Yuannian Edition) has "filial piety to parents" listed in the general rules of the family rules: "Jing Yun: mourning parents, giving birth to me for labor, wanting to repay the virtue, Hao Tian's recklessness." Therefore, filial piety is close to the family: the dwelling is to its respect, the maintenance is to its sincerity, the illness is to its sorrow, the mourning is to mourn, and the sacrifice is to be strict, so it is to fulfill its duties. The Li Family Rules (Qing Carved Ben) has an entry for "Dun Xiao Ti": "The grace of parents, the heavens and the earth, the grace is extremely humane." Pregnant in October, breastfeeding for three dynasties, pushing dry and wet, hugging and caressing, worrying about diseases, smelling hunger, tempering cold and heat, parents have suffered thousands of hardships, so that their children can grow up. Those who are children are fortunate to meet their parents who have a long life, are anxious to be filial piety, and it is difficult to repay the grace of Heaven. The time limit of life is also, in case you miss it, after the death, you will wear a ma dai filial piety, three sacrifices and five dings, what is the meaning? "Emphasizing that repaying the kindness of parents is the ultimate humanity, especially emphasizing that parents must perform filial piety in time when they are alive."

"Loyalty to the homeland" is the key content in the Hakka rules and regulations. For example, the "Zhang Family Rules" (Qinghe Zhang's Qing Carved Book) has an entry for "loyalty to the state": "The relationship between the state and the people is mutual." The people are loyal to the country, the country is rich and the people are healthy. The country is rich in the people, and the people are increasing the light of the country. It is natural and righteous to serve the country. Persuade my people to take this as a good thing. Serve the country and go to the soup. For the stability of the country, the horse carries the gun, for the revitalization of the country, agriculture, industry and business. Clean government and honesty, do not seek to pay favors. Be kind and helpful, and do not complain about the next. Carry out government decrees and abide by discipline and guidelines. Enthusiastically go to work, pay taxes and grain early. Tang Chen Chong's "Twenty Rules of the Yimen Chen Family Fan" has: "To encourage famous subjects, to be a Shuo Ru." Anwu work and rest, anxious is the public to lose. "Da is a loyal and good general, and a poor person is a good confucian, but no matter how poor he is, he must be anxious about the country's anxieties." This is the profound accumulation of five thousand years of Chinese culture "home and country feelings".

Hakka people interact with people with great courtesy and humility. For example, the "Xie Family Training" (Qing carved version) requires: "Internal and external relatives, regardless of the honor and the elder, should be received with courtesy." Don't be arrogant, not respectful. The "Xu Family Training" in Nanzhou Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, points out: "Those who come and go are with each other, those who are together with auspiciousness, and those who gather together when they are hanging in Yan Xiangqing." If they are united by the righteousness of love, why is it not the friendship of one family under heaven that all things are one? Gou may be angry because of small grievances, and he will make trouble by words, and rarely use the best friendship of the family to go to the distance and never be intimate. ”

Because the Hakka people "live in a foreign country", they better understand the difficulties of life and the difficulty of happiness, so they attach great importance to thrift and diligence in governing their families. For example, the "Zhong Family Training" (Qing carved version) has an entry for "forbidden travel and laziness": "Each person seeks a job, fulfills his duties, and must not be flashy and flashy, and live a life of idleness." There is also an entry for "abstaining from luxury": "The way to govern life, known as open source, known as throttling, opening up is diligent, thrifty is thrifty, not diligent and thrifty, loss-making and immediately, customs are still luxurious, everything is not disturbed by simplicity, non-self-reliant backbone, it will inevitably be moved by Xi." Woohoo! Ten years of diligence is difficult to be abundant, once it is easily consumed, how to worship the simple and deposed Hua, eat without worry. ”

Judging from the Hakka family training that has survived to this day, the ancient family rules and family training indeed embody the survival wisdom of the ancients for thousands of years, have the vitality across time and space, and are a vivid interpretation of China's excellent traditional culture.

Guangming Daily (2022-08-06 10th edition)

Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily

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