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Hello everyone, here is the "Historical Story Collection" at the top of the Purple City, welcome all the friends to watch the wonderful content of this issue.
This article is 17932 words long, which is relatively long, so please watch carefully.
This article talks about the history of Taiwan.
If you go back, the history of Taiwan can be traced back to a long time ago.
The need for the study of the times that are too distant is not great to repeat.
Here we start with Zheng Zhilong's establishment of a base in Taiwan...
Zheng Zhilong period
More than 400 years ago, in the thirty-second year of the Ming Dynasty Wanli (1604), a baby was born in a small official family in Shijing, Nan'an, Fujian Province, Shijing was a fishing village in minnan, and his father named this child "Yiguan", at that time, no one would have thought that this baby, since it would become the later overlord of the Taiwan Strait "Zheng Zhilong", and there was a famous son "Zheng Chenggong", Zheng Yiguan was a "less depressed" figure, from a young age, "temperamental, not fond of reading, with strength, good fists", slack and indulgence, Drifting away, losing the love of the father.
When Zheng Yiguan was seventeen years old, due to the family's difficult livelihood, he accompanied his brothers Zhihu and Zhibao to Xiangshan'ao (Macao), Guangdong, where one of the locations of Sino-foreign trade centers at that time, to follow his uncle Huang Cheng.
Wong Cheng is a maritime businessman who trades overseas in Macau.
He left Zheng Yiguan at his side as a helper to assist in business.
Zheng Yiguan used his wisdom and talents in business competition and competition for interests, learned to trade and commerce, traveled to Manila, and learned Lucita and Portuguese.
In 1621 (the first year of the Apocalypse), when Zheng Zhilong was 18 years old, he and his brother Qi went to Macau's uncle Huang Cheng to study business, and in dealing with the Portuguese, under his influence, he was baptized by Catholicism, taking the name of Nicolas , also known as Nicholas , and foreigners called him Nicholaslquan.
Huang Cheng engaged in business and sold to the Orient, saw Zheng Yiguan's ability, and in the third year of the Apocalypse (1623), he was reprimanded to attach him to the ship of Li Dan (a native of Quanzhou), a Japanese overseas Chinese in Hirado, escorting a batch of white sugar, Qinan, musk, deerskin and other goods, releasing the ocean from Xiangshan Ao, going to Japan, and living in Nagasaki.
People are unfamiliar with the land, and they are always engaged in "selling their shoes", or "sewing for people to feed their mouths".
Later, he turned into a business and sold white sugar, Qinan, musk and other things for his uncle Huang Cheng.
Zheng Yiguan engaged in commercial activities and foreign trade, and later sent himself to Li Dan's men to help Li Dan do business, becoming the most powerful maritime merchant Li Dan's subordinate at that time, and "taking the father's business".
Li Dan is well-capitalized, has a fleet of ships, specializes in overseas trade, and is the leader of the local overseas Chinese.
Li Dan felt that an official was capable and reliable, "raised as a righteous son", and handed over some assets and ships for him to do business in Vietnam and reap great profits.
Within a few years, Zheng Yiguan became a giant, often traveling between China and Japan, living in Japan and overseas Chinese, and Xian pushed him heavily.
Zheng Yiguan was also enthusiastic about learning swordsmanship and met the "Quanzhou Smelter Weng Surnamed" who started his career by "forging swords for the Lord of Yi".
Zheng Yiguan, as a leader of overseas Chinese, retired former shogun Tokugawa Hideyoshi of jin, offered medicine to Junfu (present-day Shizuoka Prefecture), and Hidetada personally asked about Chinese affairs, and was very happy, and ordered to be entertained at the Nagasaki Hotel, giving him a good fortune.
Zheng Yiguan was summoned by the shogunate, and the Japanese regarded him as a glorious and prominent figure, and he was a local magnate who often traveled from the circle and was called "old official".
Hirado Domain was the center of Japan's foreign trade at that time, and merchant ships from all over the world gathered. Because Zheng Yiguan was familiar with overseas affairs and good at diplomacy, he was valued by the Japanese government, and after the initial summons, he "repeatedly visited the homes of the clan members".
Later, he moved to Hirado, where he was favored by the local princes Matsuura clan, who built a new home in Kawachi Chirihama, Hanoi (present-day Senrihama, Matsuura Prefecture, Nagasaki Prefecture), near Hirado, and introduced Tagawa Matsu, daughter of Emperor Tagawa, a vassal of the Hirado clan.
Emperor Tagawa Yu, also known as Emperor Weng Yu, was an expatriate of the Chinese emigrants (said to be a maritime merchant of Quanzhou in Japan), who was known in Japan as the Tagawa clan.
Tagawa Matsu is a Japanese, the adopted daughter of Emperor Weng Yu, so she is also known as the Weng clan.
Mr. Tagawa, 17 years old, Sexually Endowed.
In the following year of marriage, in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), at the age of the fourteenth day of the seventh month of the Koshi calendar, the Tagawa clan traveled to Senrihama to pick up Wenbei, and the Russian general gave birth, but did not return home, and was born to the eldest son, Zheng Sen (young name Fukumatsu, later known as Success).
This stone is called the Birth Stone of The Child, and the monument of "Zheng Chenggong'er's Birth Stone" is still erected to this day.
In 1629, he had his second son, Seven Left Guard.
Zheng Yiguan followed li dan, a great pirate merchant of overseas Chinese on Hirado Island in Japan, and initially served as an interpreter and other work, gradually becoming Li Dan's right-hand man and gaining Li Dan's trust.
In early 1624, Zheng Zhilong went to Penghu to serve as an interpreter and messenger for the Dutch at the recommendation of Li Dan, and the Dutch retreated to southern Taiwan in the early autumn of the same year; Due to the dispute between the Ming Dynasty and the Netherlands, which affected Li Dan's commercial interests between China and Japan at that time, Li Dan sent Zheng Zhilong as one of Li Dan's means of intervening in the Ming Dynasty and the Netherlands.
It is also a matter of business and theft
In the first half of the 17th century, the Dutch were already the "superpowers" of the Western maritime economic world, and at the end of January of the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), Zheng Yiguan left the Tagawa clan and his unborn son and was sent by Li Dan to Penghu to serve as a general secretary (translator) for the Dutch.
The Dutch gave this "from Japan" a general treat, but the Dutch were now engaged in a military confrontation with the Ming army, the two sides had no contact, and the Chinese merchants could not trade with the Dutch, and at first zheng yiguan was not used, and the commander of the Dutch occupation of Penghu Fleet, Reyoz, sent a letter on February 20, 1624 to the governor of the East India Company, DeKabent, saying: "The sailing ship 'Good Hope', which has been waiting for a long time, sailed from Japan on January 21 and arrived here at the end of the month. ...... We have accepted a general from Japan, and although we have been given generous treatment, it is of little use to us at the moment."
However, in order to monopolize trade with Japan, the Dutch instructed some Chinese ships to plunder off the coast of China, and Zheng Yiguan was also one of the pirates who cooperated with the Dutch, performing a pirate mission for the Dutch to intercept chinese sailing ships bound for Manila in the Taiwan Strait.
DeWitt, who later served as the second Dutch governor of Taiwan, was serving in Penghu at the time, wrote in a letter: "With the approval of Commander Reyoz, we expect to be able to concentrate twenty or thirty Chinese sailing ships here every day, and the first officer of the general affairs is sent to the north to intercept some of the captured ships."
Later, the Dutch used Zheng Yiguan to carry out a pirate mission in the Taiwan Strait to intercept a Chinese sailing ship destined for Manila to trade with the Spaniards (the main competitor of the Dutch at that time). Their military and commercial complex, the East India Company, intercepted Portuguese and Spanish merchant ships everywhere, captured Iberian overseas fortresses and merchant houses, established trading houses in Hirado, Japan, and established headquarters in Batavia (present-day Jakarta).
According to the letter from the Dutch governor Werther, it is recorded that the "first officer of the general affairs" was sent to lead about twenty to thirty Chinese sailing ships to carry out the business of "interception and capture".
After the Mid-Autumn Festival of 1624, Zheng Yiguan moved the focus of his career from the Japanese island of Kyushu to Taiwan, and attached it to Yan Siqi, the "Japanese Koso" (the leader of the Wokou).
Shortly thereafter, the Dutch East India Company landed on the island and expelled other forces based in Taiwan, and Zheng Zhilong settled in Chinese mainland with his wife.
At the turn of the summer and autumn of the same year, the Dutch withdrew from Penghu under pressure from the Ming army, moved to Taiwan (present-day Anping, Tainan), built two fortresses in Taiwan, "Zeelandia" and "Chikancheng", and occupied the southern part of Taiwan.
In the same year, the two colonial countries of the Netherlands and Spain fought for the right to rule Taiwan, and a war broke out, and the Netherlands won the victory and monopolized the entire taiwan, which was the first time in history that Taiwan was occupied by foreigners.
Soon after establishing a foothold with the Dutch at Dai-yuan (present-day Anping, Tainan), Zheng Yiguan was ordered by the Dutch to lead several Chinese sailing ships to attack chinese ships that had traveled to Manila to trade with the Spaniards, and did not return to Dayuan until March 20 of the following year (1625).
Between April and May of the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), perhaps because there was not much development under the Dutch, or because of the orders of his righteous father Li Dan, Zheng Yiguan left the Dutch and began a career at sea.
By the end of April 1625, he was already active in the Taiwan Strait with his men.
A Dutch captain once wrote to song ke, the first governor of Taiwan, saying: "Sunday,(April) 27,...... Suddenly, the chief officer, as a representative, was followed by seven or eight swordsmen with swords, greeting us. ”
Two months later, Li Dan, a Japanese leader of Nagasaki and Hirado, asked For a sailing permit from Chief Song Ke and returned to Hirado from Daimyo in July, but died in Hirado a little over a month later.
After Li Dan's death, his estates and careers in Taiwan were owned by Zheng Yiguan, creating conditions for Zheng Yiguan to merge with other Han armed forces that existed in Taiwan at that time (mainly in the present-day Yunlin Beigang area) and to recruit new forces from the mainland to Taiwan.
Self-reliant portal
Yan Siqi is bold in nature, righteous and wealthy, with a large body and skilled in martial arts.
In the 40th year of the Wanli Dynasty (1612), Yan Siqi was bullied by the officials, killed his servants in anger, fled to Japan, worked as a tailor, and also engaged in Sino-Japanese maritime trade, and became rich after a few years.
During this period, Yan Siqi made a deep friendship with Yang Tiansheng, a Ship Owner of the Jinjiang River who often traded in Nagasaki, and became acquainted with a group of Minnan people who lived in Japan and engaged in overseas adventures.
Because of his widespread and famous friendship, the Japanese Hirado authorities appointed him as the head of the nailros .
In the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), Yan Siqi and others, dissatisfied with the rule of the Japanese Tokugawa shogunate, plotted to rebel and participated in the resistance struggle of the Japanese people.
On the fifteenth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, Yan Siqi and Yang Tiansheng, Chen Zhengji, Zheng Zhilong and other twenty-eight people worshiped the alliance as brothers, and everyone recommended Yan Siqi as the leader of the alliance.
Unfortunately, the shogunate sent troops to search for him, and Yan Siqi led the crowd to flee in thirteen ships.
Sailing to the outer island of Chau Zaiwei on the west coast of Jiuzhou, Chen Zhengji suggested: "I heard that Ryukyu (Taiwan's former name) is a desert island on the sea, controlling the southeast, the land is fertile and hegemonic, now take its land first, and then invade the four sides, then the cause of Buyeo can be successful."
On the 23rd day of the eighth lunar month, Yan Siqi led a fleet of ships to Taiwan, docked at Bengang (present-day Beigang), and led the crowd to cut wood and build a liao village.
At the same time, Yang Tiansheng was sent to lead a fleet to recruit immigrants in his hometown of Zhanghe and Quan, counting more than 3,000 people before and after.
Yan Siqi divided the reclamation into ten villages, distributed silver two and cultivated cattle, agricultural tools, etc., and began the earliest large-scale reclamation activities in Taiwan.
At the same time, it organizes fishing at sea and hunting on the islands, and develops the economy of mountains and seas to meet the material needs of migrant production and life.
In September of the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), Yan Siqi and his men went hunting in Zhuluo Mountain, drank heavily, and unfortunately contracted typhoid fever.
A few days later, he fell ill and died young, at the age of thirty-seven, and was buried at the summit of Jianshan Mountain at the junction of Present-day Shuishang Township and Zhongpu Township in Chiayi County.
On his deathbed, Yan Siqi summoned the crowd to tell him: "I have worked with gong and others for two years, and this period has created a meritorious deed and promoted China's reputation." Now that his ambitions have failed, the Middle Way has died prematurely, and he has waited for his continuation."
After Yan Siqi's death, in December, the people promoted Zheng Yiguan as the leader of the alliance, and after unifying his business, he raised troops under the banner, and set up staff officers, supervising the army, supervising the transportation of guards, and left and right counselors, etc., to unify the villagers and establish the local ruling regime of the Zheng clan that had begun to take shape.
On August 2 of the same year, Li Dan was running trade in Xiamen, Nagasaki, and Taiwan, and died on his way back to Pinghu from Taiwan, and his Taiwanese property and soldiers fell under the control of Zheng Zhilong, while those in Xiamen fell into the hands of Xu Xinsu.
After Zheng Yiguan established himself as a portal, he recruited [lai] Zheng Xing, Zheng Ming, Yang Geng, Chen Hui, Zheng Cai and other generals from Fujian. He divided his subordinates into eighteen pioneers, became "Eighteen Zhi", and henceforth changed his name to "Zhilong" instead of "One Official".
Zheng Zhilong continued to expand the great cause of reclamation, and his power continued to grow, becoming the largest armed group on the sea at that time.
"The emptiness of my interior is clear in my chest. With the years of solicitation, money bait, hundreds of boats, tens of thousands of disciples... The virtuous go up (shang) and the good, rob the rich and give away the poor, those who come do not refuse, and those who go do not chase."
In the sixth to seventh year of the Apocalypse (1626-1627), a severe drought occurred in southern Fujian, covering the red soil, and many villages even ate the bark of grass roots.
In the second month of the lunar calendar, Zheng Zhilong took advantage of this opportunity to lead a fleet of ships to attack Zhangpu in Fujian Province, plunder Kinmen, Zhongzuosuo (present-day Xiamen), and Jinghai and Jiazi in Guangdong, and soon returned to Fujian, re-attacked Quanzhou and Xiamen, attacked Tongshan (Dongshan), trapped the old town, defeated the Kinmen guerrilla Lu Yuying, and the Fujian general yu Zhigao's attack, across the southeast sea, the momentum was invincible, the officers and men were exhausted, and they could not help it.
During the raid, Zheng Zhilong and others also invited tens of thousands of hungry people in Quanzhou to go to Taiwan to expand reclamation, and coastal hungry people and unemployed people competed to surrender.
In this battle, Zheng Zhilong defeated the officers and soldiers and Xu Xinsu, making Xiamen the territory of the Zheng clan from then on, with increasingly powerful forces and invincibility of officers and soldiers, which also represented the rise of the Quanzhou gang.
From 1626 to 1628, Zheng Zhilong used Taiwan's Harbor as a base to plunder Fujian and Guangdong, making the Ming Dynasty officers and soldiers exhausted, although there were court moves, Zheng refused and crossed the Taiwan Strait for two years and six months, until the end of 1628, Fujian Inspector Xiong Wencan again recruited Zheng Zhilong and became a "coastal defense guerrilla".
Zheng Zhilong's forces had 700 ships by 1627; Xu Xinsu suggested that the Dutch East India Company join forces against Zheng Zhilong, but the East India Company did not allow it, and Zheng Zhilong defeated the deputy commander-in-chief Yu Zhigao and killed his opponent Xu Xinsu.
At that time, the document written to the Governor of Fujian by Tong'anzhi County, the capital of Quanzhou, Fujian Province, said that although Zheng Zhilong had plundered, he was extremely kind to the people of Quanzhou, not only did not kill people, but even provided relief to the poor, and his prestige was higher than that of the official family.
"Wherever he went, he ordered the water to be reported (i.e., to report the traces of the government), and did not try to kill anyone." There are the poor, and with them the rice of money."
Submit to the Ming Dynasty
The Dutch could not yet rule the Sea around China.
The reason for this is that the eastern maritime economic world is not a power gap.
Ming officials retreated from the sea, and maritime merchants and pirates became rulers of the sea.
The growing expansion and strength of Zheng Zhilong's maritime power caused fear among the Ming rulers, who repeatedly sent troops to pursue and suppress them, but all failed.
The Ming government was unable to suppress Zheng Zhilong, and in order to use this maritime power to compete with the Dutch and suppress other "pirates", it had to appease Zheng Zhilong.
In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), the Ming court used Cai Shan, who had served as the prefect of Quanzhou, to succeed Him as the Governor of Quanzhou to patrol the Sea Route of Quanzhou and appease Zheng Zhilong. Zheng Zhilong led the crowd to Quanzhou and met Cai Shanji.
After the meeting, Zheng Zhihu and Zheng Zhibao, brothers of Zheng Zhilong, believed that the imperial court was not sincere, so they encouraged Zheng Zhilong and others to leave Quanzhou immediately and resume a life of domination at sea.
Due to the substantial development of the power of the Zheng Zhilong group, it also posed a great threat to the Dutch colonists, and as soon as the Dutch ships appeared in the Chinese Sea, they were intercepted by the Zheng Zhilong group, for which a war between the Dutch army stationed in Taiwan and the Zheng army occurred in the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1627), and the Dutch army was defeated.
After the Chongzhen Emperor ascended the throne, in the same year, he led Eighteen Zhi from Taiwan to attack Quanzhou, breaking the Ming Dynasty's Fujian fleet, Shaking Yanjing, and recruiting pirates from the imperial court.
In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), southern Fujian suffered another drought, and many hungry people.
With the support of Xiong Wencan, Zheng Zhilong once again recruited tens of thousands of people from Zhangzhou and Quanquan, "people gave silver three or two, three people gave one cow", and transported them to Taiwan by sea ship to settle in the wilderness.
In the history of Taiwan, Zheng Zhilong was the first person to organize large-scale immigration.
In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), the imperial court was in July, and Zheng Zhilong was appeased.
Engineering department to Yan Jizu wrote: "The pirate Zheng Zhilong, who grew up in Quan, gathered tens of thousands of disciples, robbed the rich and gave away the poor, and the people were not afraid of officials but afraid of thieves."
Zheng Zhilong wanted to surrender to the central government of the Ming Dynasty, and Zheng Zhilong said that he regarded it as his duty to "cut off Yikou and suppress the thieves", and in September he took care of Xiong Wencan, the inspector of Fujian, and led his troops to surrender to the Ming Dynasty, and ordered the coastal defense guerrilla, to serve as the "Five Tigers Guerrilla General", leaving Taiwan, the maritime trade base area he had operated for many years, and sitting in the Fujian Sea.
At this time, Zheng Zhilong had more than 30,000 troops and more than a thousand ships, and still led the original department to garrison the coast for the Ming Dynasty to prevent the pirates from attacking the Wokou and the Dutch, and led an army to fight against other former pirate forces of the Former Jie baiqi brothers, including Li Kuiqi, Zhong Bin, and the general army.
Soon after, he returned to his hometown in Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, becoming the richest man in the area, and one of the few pirates who married Japanese but could still officially return to Chinese mainland.
In the spring of the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Zheng Zhilong built a luxurious mansion in Anhai Town, Jinjiang, which lasted 3 years and 2 months.
Anping became a military stronghold and maritime trade base for Zheng Zhilong to support his troops.
According to the Qing Dynasty's "Jiaqing Chidian Rural Chronicle", Zhengfu is located north of Anping Bridge, from Xidai to Xigang in the west, to Xi'an [an] in the north, to Anping Qiaotou in the south, directly to the shore of Wugang, covering an area of 138 acres.
The main structure is thirteen five-bay spaces of the mountain type, and the three-way gate double fire lane is five into the courtyard.
On both sides, wing halls, pavilions, pavilions are opposite each other, and the rings are listed as barriers.
There is "Dunren Pavilion" in the east, "Taiyun Building" in the west, the front hall is "Catholic Hall", and the middle hall is "Xiaosi Hall", which is a grand scale.
Behind the big house, there is a "Zhiyuan Garden", which is protected by walls, and sparsely used hills, pavilions, jingshes, ponds, small bridges, winding paths, good trees, and exotic flowers and grasses.
In the ninth year of the Yong Calendar (1655), Zheng Chenggong destroyed his home and set himself on fire.
In 1633, Zhilong defeated the Dutch East India Company fleet at the Battle of Kinmen on the Fujian coast, and from then on, he controlled the sea route and collected the fees for merchant ships from various countries, and Zheng Zhilong quickly became rich and capable of becoming a country.
He is known as the lord and sea overlord of southern Fujian, and gives the Zheng family a flag to the Zheng family for the merchant ships that pay protection fees to Zhilong (a large ship needs to pay 3,000 taels of silver); If you want to pass through the Zhilong Sea without paying the fee, I am afraid that you will not be able to escape the fate of being robbed.
Zhilong was so strong that the Dutch East India Company was not operating well, and the Dutch people united with other forces to take Zhilong, but Zhilong continued to expand its power and defeated the Dutch again and again.
Shi Zai: "Those who are not allowed to order the flag of the Zheng clan cannot come and go." Each case is worth 3,000 gold, and the income is tens of millions, so as to enrich the enemy country and build the city of Anping"; "Since then, the sea atmosphere has been quite interesting, selling foreign goods, domestic and foreign merchants, all use the Zheng banner, no worries, the merchants have twenty times the profit, Zhilong to Haili traffic to the noble, The Great Show", "Eight Fujian to zheng as the Great Wall".
At this point, Zheng Zhilong's trade scope was wide and extended to all parts of the East and South China: Da Ni, Huanni, Champa City, Luzon, Luzon, Lu gang, Beigang, Dayuan, Hirado, Nagasaki, Mumbai, Banten, Old Port, Batavia, Malacca, Cambodia, Siam, it is estimated that the military strength includes Han Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Austronesian languages, African blacks and other colors of up to 20,000 people, with a fleet of more than 3,000 large and small boats, becoming the only power in the east and south China sea world.
Soon, at the request of the Ming court, Zheng Zhilong continued to lead an army against Liu Xiang, the only remaining force in the other former Jiebaiqi brothers, and won a great victory at Humen, and the famous Fujian official Zhidu was the governor.
Soon after the drought in Fujian Province, Zheng Zhilong proposed to carry hungry people to Taiwan and gave them very favorable financial conditions, some people believe that it is a precedent for large-scale immigration to Taiwan, and some scholars believe that there is no evidence that this proposal was implemented.
Taiwan's fertile land sparked a wave of Han Chinese migration to the island of Taiwan, the first large-scale organized migration from the mainland to Taiwan in history.
At that time, the Dutch East India Company ruled southern Taiwan, and built the cities of Zeelandia and Prominjay in Dayuan (present-day Tainan), garrisoning nearly 2,000 people, but there were tens of thousands of mainland immigrants.
In addition, in the trade and commerce of the industry, after The Japanese locked in the country, only Chinese and the Dutch were allowed to trade, and Zheng Zhilong became richer through trade with Japan.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Hongguang Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty enthroned Zheng Zhilong as nan'an bo, the general town of Fujian, responsible for the anti-Qing military affairs of Fujian Province.
Zheng Chenggong period
Volume 224 of the Draft History of the Qing Dynasty records that Zheng Chenggong's initial name was "Zheng Sen", the character "Damu", a native of Nan'an, Fujian.
His father Zheng Zhilong followed a man named Yan Siqi as a pirate during the Ming Dynasty, and after Yan Siqi died, this pirate team was led by Zheng Zhilong, who has since had great power on the southeast coast of China and in the seas of Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines.
In the early years of chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong "asked Xiong Wencan, the governor of Fujian, to surrender" and was officially awarded the "guerrilla general" by the Ming Dynasty.
After Zheng Zhilong's gorgeous transformation into a government army, he became an important maritime force of the Ming Government, and made many military achievements for the government to capture pirates and attack the "Red Hairs" (mainly the Dutch), and finally became a "chief soldier".
In the seventeenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1644), after the martyrdom of the Chongzhen Emperor, in May of the same year, Zhu Yousong, the Prince of Fu, was supported by the "Four Towns" in Nanjing, and changed to "Hongguang", which was a government-in-exile, known in history as "Southern Ming".
Zheng Zhilong and his younger brother Zheng Hongkui were both made counts.
The Fuwang "Hongguang" regime lasted for more than eight months, and was suppressed by the Qing army in the second year of Qing Shunzhi (1645).
After that, Zheng Zhilong and his younger brother Zhu Yujian of the Tang Dynasty entered Fujian, supported the Tang King Zhu Yujian as emperor, and changed the Yuan to "Longwu", another exiled government of the Ming Dynasty, which continued to confront the Qing Dynasty.
King Tang enfeoffed Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui as marquises as emperors, and Zheng Zhilong's other younger brother, Zheng Zhibao, as counts.
Zheng Yimen ushered in the continuous prominence of the lintel at the end of the dying and struggling Ming Dynasty.
Zheng Chenggong was born in such a large feudal family with both pirate genes and political power background, which was double-influenced.
Unlike the others in the Zheng court, Zheng Chenggong's mother was a Japanese woman: "Zhilong tried to marry a Japanese woman, and was born to sen (i.e., Zheng Chenggong)."
Zheng Chenggong was born on August 27, 1624 in Hiradogawa, Kyushu, Japan, and lived with his mother in Hirado, Japan until the age of six, until his father Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Ming Court as an official, and Zheng Chenggong was taken back to Shijingjin (formerly Anping Town, Jinjiang County, Fujian Province, now Anhai Town) to live and study there.
After Zheng Chenggong grew up, Zheng Zhilong admired this son very much.
In the first year of Longwu (1645), Zheng Zhilong brought Zheng Chenggong, who was in his early 20s, to see Zhu Yujian, the Tang king in exile in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yujian was "spoiled" to Zheng Chenggong, and gave Zheng Chenggong the highest courtesy: "Give the surname Zhu, for a change of name", let him have the same surname as the royal family of the Zhu Ming Dynasty, change his surname to "Zhu", the name "Success", and be named Zhongzhong Xiaobo and the Governor of the Imperial Army, so later people also called Zheng Chenggong "Guo surname Ye", "Zheng Zhi surname", "Zheng Guo surname", "Zhu Chenggong" and so on.
In fact, the Ming Dynasty has withdrawn from the stage of history since the moment the Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself on banzai Mountain, and the exile governments established by Fu Wang, Tang Wang, and Gui Wang Zhu Youluo in the process of fleeing to the south are just futile songs.
In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), the Qing army, under the leadership of Grandpa Belle "Boluo", went all the way south, unstoppable.
While the troops were attacking and pursuing, Boluo personally wrote to Zheng Zhilong, hoping that he would surrender and accept the Qing government's offer.
Zheng Zhilong finally "led the surrender of his troops" and accepted the persuasion of the Qing government to surrender.
In the fourth year of Shunzhi, Zheng Zhilong followed Boluo's army to Beijing, where he was assigned the "Zhenghuang Banner" of the Han Army by the Qing government and awarded the "Third Class Jingqi Nihafan".
In this process, Zheng Chenggong did not obey his father's arrangement and did not surrender to the Qing government.
Zheng Chenggong's uncle Zheng Hongkui also secretly instigated Zheng Chenggong, hoping that he would continue to lead the resistance and use the sea as a world for the development of his career, and the history books used the expression of "yin and indulgence into the sea".
In the eyes of his uncle, although Zheng Chenggong was young, he "had a literary and martial strategy" and was outstanding among the brothers of the Zheng family's fathers and brothers.
Zheng Chenggong also listened to his uncle's words and has since gone against his father.
It was through the combined efforts of his uncle Zheng Hongkui that Zheng Chenggong began his life's cause of continuing to fight for the ming dynasty's government-in-exile.
When Zheng Chenggong planned to raise an army, at first only a few thousand soldiers were recruited, but they still adopted the "Longwu" era name of Zhu Yujian, the king of the Southern Ming And Tang Dynasties, calling themselves "Recruiting Great Generals", and transferred their troops to Gulangyu Island in Fujian.
Later, through continuous attacks, Zheng Chenggong successively occupied Tong'an, Zhangpu, Quanzhou, Zhao'an and other places.
After the successive defeats of the two "Tang Kings" of the Ming Dynasty's government-in-exile, in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Zhu Youluo, the King of Gui, continued to be proclaimed emperor, with the era name starting as "Zhaoqing" and later changing the era name to "Yongli".
Zheng Chenggong sent people to worship King Gui, who also named Zheng Chenggong the "Duke of Yanping", ranking first class, so Zheng Chenggong was also revered as "Zheng Yanping".
From then on, Zheng Chenggong turned to the Ming Dynasty exile government headed by Zhu Youluo, the King of Gui, to continue fighting.
Zheng Chenggong's army moved to Chaozhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Kinmen, Zhao'an, Nanjing, Pinghe, and Haicheng, and fought with the Qing army, which caused the Qing government a great headache.
In order to surrender Zheng Chenggong, the Qing government asked Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, to come forward and ask him to write a letter to his son Zheng Chenggong, persuading Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Hongkui to submit to the imperial court as soon as possible, and promised to pardon their crimes, and also "awarded officials" rewards.
Zheng Chenggong received a letter from his father, just "Yang Nuo", ostensibly agreed, but the Qing court was really emotional.
In the tenth year of Shunzhi, the Qing government made Zheng Zhilong the Marquis of Tong'an, and at the same time had Zheng Zhilong transfer the emperor's edict: Zheng Chenggong was made the Duke of Haicheng, Zheng Hongkui was made Fenghua Bo, and Zheng Zhibao was given the title of Zuo Dudu.
But knowing that his son was like his father, Zheng Zhilong was afraid that his son would not accept the appointment of the Qing court, so he wrote another letter to his younger brother Zheng Hongkui, hoping that he would do Zheng Chenggong's ideological work, and our old Zheng family all submitted to the Qing court.
Zheng Zhilong's fears were indeed true, and Zheng Chenggong not only did not take his life, but also wrote a letter to Lao Tzu Zheng Zhilong to express his determination not to cooperate with the Qing court.
Despite this, the Qing court did not give up its efforts to win Zheng's success.
In the eleventh year of Shunzhi, the Shunzhi Emperor once again sent envoys to Xiaoxiao Zheng Chenggong, and the imperial court wanted to grant Zheng Chenggong the title of "General of Jinghai" and station his troops in the four capitals of Zhangzhou, Chaozhou, Huizhou, and Quanzhou, essentially making Zheng Chenggong the "governor" of these four prefectures.
However, Zheng Chenggong "had no intention of being appeased" and did not buy the government's account, he was bent on "serving the King of Gui" and "treating" the "relics" of the Ming Dynasty in exile, and he was determined not to cooperate with the Qing government.
At the same time, Zheng Chenggong also learned from the ancient practices, "setting up a storage hall to raise soldiers", recruiting talents, and preparing to do a bigger cause.
In the twelfth year of Qing Shunzhi (1655), the Qing court began to appoint the person "Ji Du" as the "Dingyuan General", led a rebellion against Zheng Chenggong, and sent Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, to prison for punishment, because someone reported that there was a "private letter" between their father and son.
The Shunzhi Emperor ordered Zheng Zhilong to write a letter in prison to persuade his son to surrender, "saying that he will not surrender and the clan will be cursed", that is, if Zheng Chenggong does not surrender and submit to the shun, the Zheng family will be destroyed by the door, but Zheng Chenggong is not moved, "in the end should not be".
Later, the Qing army launched a strong offensive against Zheng Chenggong's army, attacking Xiamen with a water division, and when it reached Zhangzhou, it "sent out the Tomb of the Zheng Family" and destroyed all the tombs of the Zheng Family; At the same time, the officials appointed by Zheng Chenggong were all killed if they did not surrender.
Zheng Chenggong fought against the Qing army until the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), during which he also fought in Taizhou in Zhejiang, Chongming, Guazhou, Zhenjiang, and Jiangning in Jiangsu, and also visited the "Ming Taizu Mausoleum", the ming emperor's mausoleum in present-day Anhui, and finally attacked Nanjing.
However, in the end, he was still defeated by the imperial court (Lian) Heman and the Han soldiers, who crushed his main force in the Jiangnan area and repelled him to the coastal area of Fujian, Zhejiang.
At the same time, the Ming Dynasty government-in-exile led by Zhu Youluo, the King of Gui, who Zheng Chenggong had been following, also fled to Burma and basically ceased to exist.
Also in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty died, and the Kangxi Emperor, who had ascended to the throne, adopted the advice of his ministers and adopted the strategy of drawing salaries from the bottom of the cauldron, "migrating coastal residents into the interior and increasing the number of troops to guard the border."
The Qing government issued a 20-year-long relocation order, destroying all coastal ships and not allowing any board to be launched within 20 miles of the coastal area from Shandong to Guangdong, in order to cut off the supply chain of Zheng Chenggong's army.
At the same time, the Qing government ordered that Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, and Zheng Chenggong's three brothers, Zheng Shien, Zheng Shiyin, and Zheng Shimo, be killed and executed at Chaishikou in Beijing.
All this was a fatal blow to Zheng Chenggong.
In the case of the situation and the end of solidarity, where is Zheng Chenggong's retreat?
He naturally thought of the island of Taiwan, of the island that was located in the waters off Fujian but was still inhabited by "Dutch red-haired people."
In that year, Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, and Yan Siqi were pirates, and they were stationed there.
It was in this desperate situation, chased and killed by the Qing government forces and forced to retreat to the sea, Zheng Successfully began a military operation to capture the island of Taiwan.
What he absolutely did not expect before his death was that it was this great strategic shift after the defeat that contributed to his becoming the number one hero in the embrace of "recovering Taiwan" and returning the island of Taiwan to Chinese, and it will be forever recorded in the annals of history for the present generation.
At that time, the Dutch built two cities on the island of Taiwan: Chichi City and Wang Cheng; And created an estuary "deer ear gate".
The Dutch thought that they could rely on the customs risks, especially the "Deer Ear Gate" section of the water conditions where the sea is shallow and the warships are difficult to cross, and the safety factor is not a problem, so there is no important military defense.
At that time, the Dutch built two cities on the island of Taiwan: Chichi City and Wang Cheng; And created an estuary "deer ear gate".
The Dutch thought that they could rely on the customs risks, especially the "Deer Ear Gate" section of the water conditions where the sea is shallow and the warships are difficult to cross, and the safety factor is not a problem, so there is no important military defense.
In March 1661, after a solemn ceremony was held to pay homage to the sea god and wait for the sea breeze, Zheng Chenggong's army was ready for the East Wind.
When the sea breeze was conducive to setting sail, Zheng Chenggong's fleet of more than 25,000 people set off.
They first arrived at Penghu and then transferred to the island of Taiwan.
It may be that there is no invincible road in the sky, and the sea god is really helping Zheng Chenggong and making him successful!
When Zheng Chenggong's boat division arrived at the mouth of the Lu'erMen Sea, the sea water "surged like a human being", causing Zheng Chenggong's warships to "enter the tail of the big and small" and directly approach the coast.
The army quickly landed and fought, and the red-haired Dutch were too frightened to escape, and soon abandoned the red nest city and instead held the royal city.
Zheng Chenggong sent someone to the red-haired Dutchman: "I have the land, and I should return it; The treasure is returned".
This means that the land of Taiwan was originally our former territory of China, and now it should be returned to China, and you can take it away from those precious pearls and the like.
We can proudly say that it was Zheng Chenggong who was the first to make the voice of Taiwan as the mainland's "original" territory.
However, the Dutch Red Hairs still stubbornly resisted, and Zheng Chenggong's army besieged for nearly seven months, and in February 1662, the Wangcheng Was finally captured, and "there were only a hundred and dozens of Red Hair Survivors" and had to fall.
For the remaining hundred or so red-haired people, Zheng Chenggong did not completely destroy them, but let them roll back forever.
As a general of the Southern Ming Dynasty, after Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan, he used Taiwan as his base for opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty, and at this time Taiwan also began its own new page.
However, in the matter of Zheng's successful recovery of Taiwan, from the perspective of national righteousness, he is absolutely worthy of the title of national hero.
Ming Zheng – during the Qing Dynasty
Shortly after the recovery of Taiwan, in 1662, Zheng Chenggong died of illness.
His son Zheng Jing took the throne, and Zheng Jingzhi still did a lot of practical things in Taiwan.
After the Zheng Jing is the more familiar Zheng Ketuan.
Because Taiwan has always been regarded as a base for anti-Qing and restoration, the Qing Dynasty has always had the determination to solve the Taiwan issue.
In 1683, Shi Lang, the admiral of the Qing Dynasty, attacked Taiwan with the great support of Kangxi.
After the defeat of the Zheng army in the Battle of Penghu, the Zheng army surrendered and Shi Lang was stationed in Taiwan to be surrendered.
Subsequently, Zheng Ketuan went to the Beijing Division and became a disciple of the Eight Banners.
In 1707, Zheng Ketuan died of illness, and since then the Zheng clan has withdrawn from the stage of history.
On April 14, 1684 (the 23rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty), Taiwan (then Taixia Province, Taiwan Province) was officially incorporated into the territory of China, under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province, under the three counties of Taiwan County, Fengshan County, and Zhuluo County, and the prefecture was located in present-day Tainan City.
In 1718 (during the 57th year of Kangxi), Lan Tingzhen was promoted to the position of general of The South Australian Army, returned to his hometown to discuss the matter of guarding Nan'ao, Lan Dingyuan wrote thousands of words, in 1721 (Kangxi 60 years), Zhu Yigui rebelled against the Qing, Lan Tingzhen was ordered to platform, Lan Dingyuan was invited to accompany, and then at the time of the expansion of the scope of reclamation by the Han people, Changhua County and Tamsui Hall were added in the first year of Yongzheng (1723 AD), and in the 5th year of Yongzheng (1727), Penghu, which was originally subordinate to Taiwan Province, was reorganized into Penghu Hall; By the seventeenth year of Jiaqing (1812), the sum of the number of reclamation people in Yilan had reached tens of thousands, and at the request of the residents, the Karmalan Hall was added, and then the district was redrawn, and in 1787 (Qianlong 52), Zhuluo County was changed to Chiayi County.
Zhu Yigui rebelled
In 1721, the Hakka-Fujian rebellion led by Zhu Yigui seized Taiwan's Fu (modern Tainan) and briefly established a government reminiscent of the Ming Dynasty (see Southern Ming).
After Zhu Yigui's rebellion, the desire to open up new arable land led the government to encourage the expansion of Han Chinese immigration to other parts of the island.
For example, in addition to military outposts, the population of freshwater areas has grown to the point where the government needs an administrative center.
The government tried to create a center with local indigenous laborers, but they were more like slaves and eventually sparked an uprising.
Indigenous groups split their loyalty - at least joined the uprising; Some remain loyal to the Qing, perhaps because they already have disputes with other groups.
With the arrival of additional troops, the Aboriginal uprising was suppressed within a few months.
Lin Shuangwen Rebellion, scene of the Battle of Taiwan 1787-1788
Lin Shuangwen's rebellion took place from 1787 to 1788.
Lin was an immigrant from Zhangzhou who came to Taiwan with his father in the 1770s.
He was involved in the secret Heaven and Earth Society, the origin of which is unclear.
Lin's father was detained by local authorities, perhaps because he suspected his own activities with society; Lin Shuangwen then organized other members of the society to rebel in an attempt to free his father.
The initial success was to drive government forces out of the Lin family's base in Changhua; His allies did the same in Tamsui.
So far, the struggle of the people of Zhangzhou is attracting members of society outside and activating the old world; This brought out the Quanzhou network (and Hakka) representing the government.
Eventually, the government sent enough forces to restore order; Lin Shuangwen was executed, and heaven and earth would be scattered to Chinese mainland or hidden, but there was no way to eliminate the malice between Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and the Hakka network.
Although they never seriously overthrew the government or included the entire island, for most of the 19th century there were occasional disputes that continued, only to begin to end in the 1860s.
There were more than a hundred rebellions in the early Qing Dynasty.
The frequency of rebellions, riots, and civil unrest in Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty was caused by the proverb "one uprising every three years, one rebellion every five years" (one rebellion every three years, one rebellion every five years).
In 1788, the Qing court, recognizing the seriousness of Taiwan's social problems, finally ordered that female dependents should be allowed to immigrate to Taiwan.
The impact of this event has also continued for more than two hundred years, to this day.
Taiwan has also gradually formed a social style of immigrants, with the four seas as home.
At that time, there was a folk song called "The Song of Sorrow Across the Sea", which was described as follows: Persuade the king not to cross Taiwan, Taiwan is just like a ghost door, no one turns in youth, and it is difficult to know life and death.
The First Opium War
Given Taiwan's strategic and commercial value, Britain made proposals in 1840 and 1841 to claim the seizure of Taiwan.
In September 1841, during the First Opium War, the British transport ship Nerbudda was shipwrecked near the port of Keelung due to a typhoon.
Brigham also became shipwrecked in March 1842 and most of the crew were Indian lascars.
Survivors of both boats were transferred by authorities to the capital, Tainan.
Taiwan's Qing commanders Ta-hung-ah and Yao Ying submitted a dishonest report to the emperor, claiming to have defended the attack on Fort Keelung.
In October 1841, HMS Nimrod took a boat to Keelung in search of the Nelbudda survivors, but after Captain Joseph Pierce discovered that they had been sent to the South to be imprisoned, he ordered the bombing of the harbor and destroyed 27 cannons before returning to Hong Kong.
Most of the survivors - more than 130 survivors from Nerbudda and 54 survivors from Ann - were executed in Tainan in August 1842.
Dai Chaochun incident
Dai Chaochun was originally a landlord in the area of Sizhangli (present-day Beitun District, Taichung City) in Changhua County during the Qing Dynasty, and had held positions such as the North Road Coordinator, but was dismissed from his post because he was blackmailed by the governor unsuccessfully, and inherited the parental status of his brother Dai Wangui, as well as the land associations and bagua associations he established, and expanded these organizations to become the Heaven and Earth Society, on April 3, 1862, Kong Zhaoci, a taiwanese military garrison, arrived in Changhua, killed the Prime Minister of the Heaven and Earth Society, Hong, and ordered the Tamsui Department of Changhua Zhi County, Tong zhi Qiu Yueliang, who had served as a former governor of Changhua Zhi County, to come and help sweep the society. Therefore, in addition to 600 officers and men led by Qiu Yueliang, Lin Dianguo and the four blocks of CuoLin Richeng each led 400 people to support the sweepers, but on April 15, when the sweeping troops fought against thousands of Tiandihui members in Dadun, Lin Richeng turned against the enemy and killed Qiu Riliang on the spot, and Lin Dianguo, seeing that the situation was unfavorable, decided to return to Ahu wuzhuang (present-day Wufeng Township, Taichun County) to protect himself, so the Forces of the Tiandihui suddenly became large, and Dai Chaochun, who was the head of the association, had to lead the Tiandihui party members to besiege Changhua County on April 16. And from Bagua Mountain bombarded the city with cannons.
At this time, there were only more than three hundred old and weak soldiers in the city, and the brave head Shi Jiuting went to Lukang to recruit the township yong and failed, and there was no help in the city from then on, Changhua fell, Dai Shi rode into the city in the drum music, and Kong Zhaoci committed suicide by taking medicine because foreign aid never arrived.
The event broke out
After the fall of Changhua County, various forces in southern Taiwan rose up one after another, and the local tycoons in the central region, such as Xiaopuxin (present-day Pitou Township, Changhua County), Chen Nong, Hongcong, Chiayi Yanban, as well as Xu Xialao of Fengshan County, and Wang Jiuluo of Tamsui Hall, joined Dai Chaochun's camp one after another, and the number of supporting shares in various places reached thousands, and he also rewarded meritorious deeds, in addition to self-proclaiming himself as the Eastern King, Fenglin Richeng, Chen Nong, and Hong Cong as the Southern King, the Western King, and the Northern King, setting up the positions of great generals and other officials, appeasing the people, and becoming a country of their own. It also controls almost all of central Taiwan and part of the northern region.
Because Fujian has always relied on Taiwan to receive rice grain, the incident broke out and the rice rose in the background, and Fujian suddenly fell into a grain shortage crisis.
Therefore, Qingrui, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, urgently sent Zeng Yuming, the commander-in-chief of Funing Town, to cross the sea to Taiwan, summoned Tai Yong to quell the war, and ordered Lin Xiangrong, the chief soldier of Taiwan Town, to send troops from Xiluo to fight.
On the other hand, Hong Minchen, the prefect of Taiwan, urgently set up a defense bureau to deal with the incident, and borrowed 150,000 taels of silver from foreign commercial banks as military expenses, which were offset by customs duties.
A cover fog zhuang offensive and defensive battle
On April 28, Lin Ri, the King of the Western Dai Army, became a revenge for his clan lin masheng, leading more than 30,000 people to cut off the water source of A Hood Wuzhuang, intending to destroy the Qiancuo Lin family (that is, the Wufeng Lin family) in one fell swoop.
At this time, the Lin family followed Lin Wencha and Lin Wenming to Zhejiang to fight, and there were only 72 Zhuang Ding in Zhuangzhong.
However, under the command of Lin Wenfeng, the Lin family relied on artillery and other firepower to return fire, and immediately launched a fierce offensive and defensive battle for three days.
During this period, the Lin family mansion was almost lost, but the Lin family stayed guard day and night, and together with the Weng Zai Society (present-day Weng Zi, Fengyuan City, Taichung County) Luo Guanying and the Hakka family of Dongshijiao sent reinforcements respectively, and the Lin family and more than 500 reinforcements raided Lin Richeng's army, killing hundreds of enemy troops and repelling Lin Richeng's army in one fell swoop.
At the same time, Lin Xiangrong led 2,200 soldiers (3,000 in one statement) to garrison Chiayi, and on April 28 repelled the Dai army.
After that, the Qing army left the city and confronted more than 10,000 Dai troops led by Dai Cailong at Fangpai on both sides of the Bapao Creek.
Because the Dai army was surrounded by Baishadun, it cut off the rear road of the Qing army in one fell swoop, resulting in the Qing army being attacked before and after, and some of the generals drowned in the river, until they later stabilized their positions and fought bravely before they were defeated and won.
On the other hand, Chen Nong, the Western King of the Dai Army, led an army to attack Lukang without taking it, and then Lin Zhanmei, who was in charge of military affairs in northern Taiwan, sent Cai Yu and others to raid the east gate of Dajia City and retake the city in one fell swoop.
On June 2, The Monk Wang of the Dai Army led an army to besiege Dajia City, and on June 9, Zhang Shiying and Qianzong Zeng Jiebu of the Tamsui Hall, the general Zhou Changgui, and the Weng Zai Sheyong Luo Guanying led the army to support, plus the assistance of the Huang clan of Da'an Port, repelled the Dai army in one fell swoop.
However, on June 17, Wang Monk once again led an army to besiege the city, and under the command of Zhang Shiying, the Qing army in the city went out of the city to meet the attack and once again repelled the Dai army.
The Qing army counterattacked
On March 19, 1864, Wu Hongyuan launched a fierce attack, directly outside Chiayi City, and the defenders inside the city saw the arrival of reinforcements and their morale was greatly boosted, repelling the Chen Nong army that had besieged the city for many days.
In June, Wu Hongyuan was dismissed by Hong Minchen for refusing to obey the order to launch an attack, and was replaced by Zeng Yuanfu, but in June Hong Minchen also died in office, and the Qing army and the Dai army fell into a stalemate, and in August Ding Yuejian took over the Taiwan Bingbei Road, and landed from Huwei (present-day Tamsui Town, Taipei County) to rearrange the new operational policy, he ordered the Taiwan town guard Guan Zhenguo to attack from Wuhan Port (the predecessor of present-day Taichung Port), and he himself entered Zhucheng (present-day Hsinchu City) on October 22, and ordered Zhang Shiying, Luo Guanying and others selected 1,000 township heroes to garrison the Shore Society, intending to directly attack the core areas of the Dai army's activities such as Situ cuozhuang.
With the combined efforts of the two armies, the Qing army quickly swept the Daijun village north of Dadu Creek (around present-day Taichung County) and took control of the Dadu Creek shipping, besieging Changhua City on November 28.
On the other hand, on November 12, Lin Wencha, the commander-in-chief of Funing Town, entered from Anping and arrived in Chiayi on November 20, punishing the local 2000 Zhuang for surrendering to the Qing army, and discussing the strategy with the nursing water division admiral Zeng Yuanfuhui division.
As a result of the discussion, he decided to first clear the road at the junction of Chiayi and Changhua, and then regain Changhua, so he ordered Bai Pi and Guan Zhenguo to attack Dou Liu together, asking Ling Dingguo of Changhua Zhi County to attack south from Baodou (present-day Beidou Town, Changhua), while he himself fought north along the coast with Xu Zhongbiao and other troops until Mai Liao and Lin Wenming, who were south, would attack Changhua.
Reinforcements arrived in Taiwan
On June 7, Hong Minchen was promoted to taiwan military reserve road, coordinating all the war.
On June 9, Admiral Zeng Yuming arrived in Lukang with 600 troops.
However, the Qing army met the Dai army at Anxiliao on the way to escort, the Qing army was defeated and scattered, Qianzong Gong Chaojun and Penghu deputy general Chen Guoyi and others were killed, and all the equipment funds for the military camp were taken away.
At the same time, Lin Richeng entered Changhua City, Dai Chaochun returned to four ploughs, and then the Dai army successively attacked Chiayi, Baishakeng and other places, but they were all repelled by the Qing army, and although the Qing army successively had Zeng Yuming expanded his troops by 400 people and Tai Yong 1,000 people to assist in the battle, it was difficult to win, and the two sides fell into a confrontation.
Between August and September, Lin Wenming led 1,000 Taiwan brave men to return to Taiwan on leave to help in the war, and the war changed.
He fought fierce battles with the Dai army at Waixinzhuang, Arong Wuzhuang (present-day Taichung City, Wufeng Township), and Dali Prefecture to repel The Dai Chaochun Army, and then transferred to Weng Zai She (present-day Fengyuan City, Taichung), cooperating with the local leader Luo Guanying to jointly sweep away the Dai army in Shigangzai and Huludun, but after this battle, Lin Wenming returned to Ahuwu on the grounds of lack of ammunition.
After repeated urgings, the General Bureau of Rehabilitation issued 4,000 kilograms of gunpowder and 2,000 kilograms of ammunition, and On January 29, 1863, Lin Wenming again petitioned Xu Zongqian, the governor of Fujian, to re-issue the arrears of 19,000 taels of An Jiayin and 10,000 taels of rations, but these funds were never allocated.
On November 23, 1862, Lin Wenming led 300 soldiers to attack Shunan, and finally on April 11, 1863, he sent his uncle Lin Dianguo to lead 600 Tai Yong, together with Luo Guiying and others, to attack Dai Chaochun's hometown of Sizhang Plough, and conquered the area after seven days of fierce fighting.
However, due to the fact that the military expenditure was still not solved, Lin Wenming once again stopped attacking.
At this point, the war was once again in a stalemate.
Just when Lin Wenming had made a breakthrough on the North Road, the Qing army was defeated at the South Road: Lin Xiangrong, the commander-in-chief of the Taiwan Town, and Lin Guozhong, the deputy general of the Taiwan Marine Division, went to rescue Douliu City in July, but were besieged by Tens of Thousands of Dai troops led by Chen Nong and others; On October 29, the Dai army attacked the long-besieged Douliu City, Lin Xiangrong committed suicide, and Lin Guozhong and other generals were killed.
After the Dai army occupied Douliu, Lin Richeng, who was stationed in Changhua City, sent an army to besiege Dajia on December 20 and fought fiercely with the Qing army, due to the limited number of Qing troops, although Luo Guanying led the volunteer rescue, it was still defeated and returned to the city, and soon the Dai army retreated after a long time, and Lin Richeng also returned to the four cuozhuang.
In January of the following year, Taiwan's Admiral Wu Hongyuan led 3,000 Qing troops to reinforcements and stationed in Salt water.
The event is calmed
On November 26, Lin Wencha entered MaiLiao.
At this time, Ding Lin's two armies had surrounded the county seat of Changhua, and on December 1, Zeng Yuming destroyed the city.
After that, Lin Wencha entered Tuku, and met with Zeng Yuanfu to attack Douliu, while annihilating more than thirty villages supporting Dai Chaochun, gradually approaching Douliu City, but Douliu's defenses were strong and difficult to take within a short period.
Therefore, on December 12, Lin Wencha secretly ordered the withdrawal of various armies on the pretext of aiding the Changhua war, and by January 15, 1865, only a few battalions of Guanzhenguo were left under the city to show a small number of troops, inducing the enemy troops in the city to think that they had retreated and open the door to attack, at which time the nearby sugarcane field ambush troops rushed out, Guan Zhenguo and other armaments attacked, successfully defeated the enemy army, and recaptured the six cities.
On January 18, Dai Chaochun, persuaded by Zhang Sanxian, came forward to surrender to Ding Yuejian, but was immediately beheaded for speaking ill of him.
After recapturing Dou Liu, the Qing army began to sweep away the Dai kings such as Lin Richeng, Hong Cong, and Chen Nong.
In December 1864, Zeng Yuming quickly besieged Nanzhuang in the north, and the two sides launched a fierce offensive and defensive battle, in which the Qing army dug tunnels to attack but was unsuccessful, and had to fight with artillery and infantry to capture the village, Hong Cong was killed in battle during the battle, and his brother Hong Fan was captured and killed on the spot.
On January 19, Lin Wencha led an army to attack Sicuozhuang, and on February 6, 1865, he beheaded Lin Richeng and recaptured the area.
In May, Lin Wencha and Luo Guanying besieged Xiaopuxin and fought against Chen Nong, during which the Qing army suffered heavy casualties and Luo Guanying also died, but under the leadership of Luo Guanying's brother Luo Keng, the Qing army continued to attack, which finally caused Chen Nong kaizhuang to surrender and was beheaded on the spot.
In the same month, Ding Yuejian sent Bai Luanqing of Zhixian County, the staff general Xu Rongsheng, and others to lead an army to attack Yan ban, who had restarted the uprising in Erchonggou, and Yan Ban repelled the Qing army with ambushes, but the Qing army besieged with superior troops, bombarded the command platform with artillery, killed Yan Ban, and escorted his wife Hou Shi back to Chiayi, where Ling Chi was executed.
At this point, the Dai Chaochun Incident was over, the Qing army finally regained central Taiwan, and the Dai regime on Zeng Xiong's side ended its rule for more than four years.
Sino-French War of 1884
In 1884, the Sino-French War broke out.
In 1885, the Qing Dynasty decided to establish a separate province in Taiwan. The first inspector was Liu Mingchuan, a general of the Huai Army at the end of the Qing Dynasty.
From the day it was founded until 2007, Taiwan was the richest province in China.
This is inseparable from Taiwan's geographical location, living environment, folk customs, immigrant culture, and so on.
In 2008, the GDP was surpassed by Guangdong Province for the first time.
When we look back at cross-strait relations, this transcendence can be regarded as the most important node in cross-strait relations.
This is the last word, at that time the Qing Dynasty has been in turmoil, and the building will fall.
Fifty years
In 1895, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War broke out.
The Qing court was proud of the defeat of the sailors, and signed the Treaty of Maguan with Japan, which humiliated the country, ceding Taiwan to Japan.
When the news reached the island, there was an uproar in Taiwan.
The Taiwanese could not imagine why the Qing court ceded itself to Japan.
As a result, the culture of sadness spread further and rapidly on the island, and its influence is far-reaching, until today.
It was also at that time that Taiwan and we had a different social memory.
I have to say that the Japanese people's research on the Chinese nation is very thorough, and our research and understanding of Japan has always been very limited.
We often talk about knowing oneself and knowing the other, is it worth our consideration?
At that time, the despicable Japanese wanted Taiwan and Northeast China to become their permanent territory, and it was precisely based on their full understanding of China and a clear understanding of themselves that when they accepted and entered Taiwan, the Japanese did not commit any crime.
Thus, the "Taiwan Democracy" came into being in that turbulent and tragic era.
At the same time, the taiwanese people's fierce folk customs were also very prominent at this time, and the Taiwan people launched a struggle against aggression one after another.
The Japanese put in tens of thousands of troops and fought for a whole year before they hit the south from northern Taiwan to southern Taiwan.
In the fifty years of Japanese rule in Taiwan, Taiwanese have never stopped resisting and fighting, and about one in ten Taiwanese died in the struggle, the most famous of which was the Kirisho Incident in 1930.
At the 1930 tribal youth wedding, Mona Rudao's eldest son toasted to a Japanese policeman, Katsumi Yoshimura, who did not accept it, but insulted Mona Rudao's son.
Randomly, the villagers present beat up the policeman, and the situation deteriorated, and Mona Rudao randomly led his clan to apologize to Yoshimura, but Yoshimura did not accept it and reported it to his superiors.
Mona Rudao knew very well in his heart that the situation was already very serious.
As a result, the emotions that had been suppressed by the rule for several years finally broke out among the local tribesmen, and Mona Rudao led the clan to kill 134 policemen, and the "Wushe Incident" that caused a sensation in Taiwan at that time broke out.
Immediately, the Japanese army began to mobilize most of the troops in Taiwan to the Wushe Society, and launched a crazy military operation to suppress it.
In the case of being weaker than the Japanese army in all aspects, after several days of fighting, the general trend has gone.
On October 5, 1930, Mona Rudao tearfully shot and killed his two grandsons in a cave, along with the body of his wife.
Randomly, he committed suicide with a silver bullet, and the uprising finally failed in the struggle with the Japanese army, ending his tragic and indomitable life.
During the fifty years of the Japanese occupation, there were frequent incidents of popular uprisings and Japanese suppression of uprisings.
But at the same time, to a large extent, the Japanese and many aspects of the local Taiwanese have very mixed emotions and entanglements.
The Japanese measured the land of Taiwan, built railways, built underground waterways in Taipei, founded Taipei Medical University, and founded Taiwan sugar and other industries.
At that time, the Japanese felt that they had to give Taiwan's elite a way out, but it could not be a political power, so they let them study medicine.
The impact of this decision in Taiwan can be described as long- and long-lasting, and to this day, the social status of doctors in Taiwan is very, very high.
At the same time, Japan practiced a very strict imperial education in Taiwan, and Taiwanese people who gave Japanese names in those years could be rewarded.
To this day, many people in Taiwan only speak Hokkien and Japanese, but they are very unfamiliar with Mandarin.
To this day, many girls in Taiwan share a common dream of going to Japan, not the mainland.
Therefore, the problems left over from history have far-reaching effects to this day.
We firmly believe that Taiwan will eventually return to the embrace of the motherland, but it still faces many difficulties in social integration.
We must make the Taiwan compatriots sincerely willing to come back, and there is still a long way to go in the middle.
Taiwan's restoration
In 1945, after the end of World War II, After years of struggle and resistance, Japan surrendered.
Taiwan has once again been restored and has returned to the embrace of the motherland.
However, at that time, the country was in a tense atmosphere of confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, vying for control of all parts of China.
Therefore, on the issue of taking over Taiwan, the Kuomintang top brass sent an old, weak, sick and disabled "beggar soldier" to Taiwan.
When the Nationalist government's ship docked, the Taiwan compatriots holding the welcome banner instantly collapsed.
After fifty years of struggle with the Japanese, the Taiwan compatriots finally looked forward to the troops of the motherland and returned to the embrace of the motherland.
The people of Taiwan were ecstatic and waited with joy for the arrival of their compatriots, but reality once again shattered the beauty.
The Taiwan compatriots were once again disappointed, but what awaited them was a group of "beggar soldiers."
At that time, civil war was on the verge of breaking out, so Chiang Kai-shek only brought a "beggar soldier" who had no combat effectiveness at all to Taiwan to take over.
The struggling hearts of the entire Taiwan people have once again been coldened by the cold water of reality.
Once again, the culture of grief has reached its climax.
After the Kuomintang took over Taiwan, civil war broke out.
At this time, Taiwan became a reserve material supply station for the Kuomintang war.
At the same time, the Kuomintang's rule in Taiwan was as dark as the mainland.
Bullying the common people, soaring prices, hoarding goods, and so on, some of the darkness on the mainland has also fallen in Taiwan, and the whole of Taiwan is once again unhappy.
Popular resentment and indignation have also been growing and spreading in the hearts of Taiwan compatriots.
Finally, on February 28, 1947, the "228 Incident" that shocked the whole of Taiwan broke out.
On February 28, 1947, a private tobacco inspection case in Taipei City triggered petitions, demonstrations, strikes, and strikes among Taipei citizens.
The petitioning citizens were suppressed by the nationalist government, and the ethnic conflict quickly spread throughout Taiwan.
Chen Yi, the chief executive of Taiwan at the time, on the one hand, suppressed the armed forces, and on the other hand, sent a telegram to Nanjing, stating that there was a Communist rebellion in Taiwan.
At that time, the Kuomintang and the Communists were at the height of the fighting, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately sent the most elite troops of the Nationalist army to Taiwan to suppress it.
At this time, the whole Taiwan is in a very chaotic and tense state, and everyone is worried that maybe the next person to suffer may be himself.
After brutal suppression, the storm slowly dissipated in the bloody rain.
After 1949
In 1949, the Kuomintang was defeated.
Chiang Kai-shek, under the guidance of a high-ranking non-governmental figure, retired to Taiwan.
He then led nearly 1.5 million people to the island, and there were about 6 million people in Taiwan at that time.
In order to resettle these people, the Kuomintang built many "dependent villages" in Taiwan, and the culture of the dependent villages also sprouted and grew in Taiwan, and to this day. Because they are nominally the "ruling class," the occupations these people are engaged in in Taiwan are mainly concentrated in "military, public, and religious."
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to establish a "Demonstration Province of the Three People's Principles" in Taiwan.
I will not dwell on Chiang Kai-shek's counterattack on the mainland.
Although Chiang Kai-shek's rule in Taiwan was very high-pressure, no one in Taiwan at that time dared to talk about "Taiwan independence."
Chiang Kai-shek's rule in Taiwan was a high-handed policy of white terror, so much so that Taiwan at that time was shrouded in darkness and terror.
Chiang Kai-shek died in 1975, ending a life of grandeur and controversy.
At this time, his son Chiang Ching-kuo took the throne and began Taiwan's real "road to democracy."
From a historical point of view, Chiang Ching-kuo can be said to be a politician with a unique vision and an open-minded democracy.
Chiang Ching-kuo was promoting the "jacket culture" in Taiwan at that time, and his father Chiang Kai-shek basically wore suits and Zhongshan suits no matter what occasion, but Chiang Ching-kuo began to wear jackets.
At that time, Chiang Ching-kuo had clearly felt that many elites and ordinary people outside the party were dissatisfied with the rule of the Kuomintang, and it was also during his term of office that the movement outside the party began to mushroom.
During his administration, Chiang Ching-kuo traveled to almost every county, county, and township in Taiwan.
His people-friendly approach to governance has also slowly brought the hearts of the people of Taiwan out of the shadow of high-pressure policies.
At that time, Taiwan's administrative system was basically filled with Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan from other provinces, and Chiang Ching-kuo clearly realized that the elite of the people of this province needed a way out (this province: referring to those who were in Taiwan in 1945, and those who came to Taiwan with the Kuomintang after 1945 were called "people from other provinces"), so they launched a campaign to urge Taiwan youth in Taiwan to balance the personnel structure of the province and people from other provinces in the public service system.
It was precisely at this time that the notorious Lee Teng-hui and other "Taiwan independence elements" stepped onto the stage of Taiwan's history.
It is necessary to mention taiwan's economy, which began to take off in the 1960s and in the second half of the 20th century, together with South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong, was called the "Asian Tigers".
Among them was a large number of the elite of the people of the province, who had not been able to enter the public service system and had embarked on the economic path.
They have made indelible contributions to the take-off of Taiwan's economy.
Then came the 1980 Isle of Beauty incident.
Looking back at Taiwan's history box democracy road, the Formosa Boulevard incident can definitely be counted as a landmark event.
On December 20, 1979, Formosa Boulevard magazine held a demonstration for democracy in Kaohsiung, which eventually turned into a violent clash between the police and the people, and it was at this time that the DPP began to make a splash and take the stage of history.
At that time, in order to resist the rule of the Kuomintang, the non-party movement spread and rose rapidly.
At that time, non-party figures shouted that "the Kuomintang has tried the non-party with the court, and the people will also try the Kuomintang with their votes."
Those we are familiar with Annette Lu, Chen Ju and Lin Yixiong have also begun to enter the public's field of vision.
On September 28, 1986 (Teachers' Day in Taiwan), the Democratic Progressive Party was founded.
With regard to the DPP, I will nag in detail in subsequent chapters, and here I will briefly mention the DPP's two "god cards," one of which is "Taiwan independence" and the other is "anti-nuclear."
Regarding the "Taiwan independence" supported by the DPP, it is inseparable from the sad memories of Taiwan's experience after 1895 and the high-handed rule of the KMT. When "Taiwan independence" is mentioned, there will be popular support.
So to this day, our social integration in Taiwan, this will still be a long road.
Recent decades will be explained in detail in later chapters, and will not be elaborated on here.
Again, I would like to briefly describe the recent situation.
Recently, there have been loud calls for the use of force in The country to resolve the Taiwan issue.
Whether it is from the international situation or the state of "preparation" for war between the two sides of the strait, we have vaguely seen the dawn of the reconquest of Taiwan by force.
However, from my personal point of view, I really do not want to use force.
The two sides of the strait are originally one family, and problems can always be solved through talks.
Once force is used, the hearts of the People of Taiwan will once again be shrouded in sorrow.
The history of Treasure Island has never lacked tragic drama, but history represents the past, and if the problem can be completely solved through negotiations, it will not be a difficult problem for the integration of Taiwan's society, economy, politics, culture, etc.
The wisdom of the Chinese nation has been precipitated for thousands of years, and I believe that on the Taiwan issue, history will eventually stand on our side, a child who has been wandering for many years, who has experienced too much suffering history and struggle in his heart.
We hope that he can truly return to his mother's arms and no longer have suffering and sorrow.