Editor's Note: Writer Wang Meng began to create "Long Live Youth" in his youth, and he has witnessed and participated in the development of contemporary Chinese literature with decades of creation. In addition to creating novels, in addition to creating novels, he began to have a dialogue with Chinese poets across time and space from the understanding and appreciation of classic verses, from the poet's heart to the Taoist and divine nature of nature, from the ontology and content of Chinese poetry to the personality and creation of the poet, his natural and spontaneous "mountain forest poetry", and his unique and wise commentary contain rich learning and full of passion.
The empty mountain did not see anyone, but heard the sound of people, returned to the deep forest, and looked back at the moss. —— Wang Wei, "Lu Chai"
Geographically, China's mountainous areas above 500 meters above sea level account for two-thirds of the country's area. In Chinese culture, there is a tendency to respect the mountain, love the mountain, weigh the mountain, seek the mountain, and enter the mountain. "Benevolent Leshan" (Confucius), "a lifetime of good to enter the famous mountain tour" (Li Bai), "climb mountEda Mountain and small world" (Confucius), with the mountain as the god, the mountain as the god, the famous temple of religion rely on the famous mountain peak, Gao Shi Su Confucian, the price and the Jia people call themselves "mountain people", martial arts genres, fairy tales, art masters, painting and composition, Traditional Chinese medicine, are inseparable from mountain culture. In order to save Xu Xian, the White Lady also had to go up the mountain to collect Lingzhi.
The empty mountain is the original authentic initialization symbol of the mountain. Wang Wei is also "empty mountain does not see people", and "empty mountain after the new rain", while Wei Yingwu is "empty mountain pine nut fall", which is more mysterious and flexible, leisurely and mysterious. Until the composer and performer Liu Tianhua of the May Fourth Generation composed the famous erhu song "The Bird Language of the Empty Mountain", it can be seen that people are obsessed with the empty mountain.
Wang Wei's poem, the first two sentences are empty mountain people's language, empty, refers to the mountain's emptiness, originality, loneliness, vulgarity, sense of distance, sense of loneliness... But there is a little vitality of human language, warmth, red dust, intimacy and dynamic sense are combined, the human world seems to be in the distance, but the empty mountain is under the present; Everything is pure and not obedient, fun and not mixed, large and not empty, returning to nature, and the unity of nature and man.
Back to the scene, read the reflection, the scenery here through the "shadow", is to say that the sunset goes low, all kinds of shadows extend, the shadow stretches into the deep woods, while the return scene (back to the shadow) is not parallel to the ground after all, the extension of the shadow under the sunset light and the ground is still a sharp angle, the shadow stretches under the sunset light, the sunset also reflects on the ground moss inside and outside the deep forest. Light and shadow are inseparable.
Empty mountains, sunsets, returns, deep forests, moss, are all heaven and earth, nature, and heaven, but the sunset does not abandon the small moss, and when it shines on the moss, it shows the affinity and ease of the heavenly path. Human language, of course, is the human personnel, is the ordinary red dust, but because of the maintenance of distance, smell its voice and do not see its people, this human language has become greatly unworldly, abstract, elegant, polysemy, it only provides sound, there is no mundane interference, it is also graceful atmosphere, to nature's Taoist and divine nature, integrated in the empty mountains, deep forests, sunset and moss.
Originally, the scenery of man and man is also nurtured and grown by nature, which is "a large piece of me in form, labor me to live, I am old, and rest in my death" (Zhuangzi), everything in life is inseparable from nature, inseparable from heaven and earth. Wang Wei does not belittle the human world and the present, but at the same time is willing to maintain a certain distance from the ordinary, with a peaceful and clean attitude, with nature, with the heavenly way, with the empty mountain, with the language of people who do not see others, and with the moss that appears for a moment, calmly and thoughtlessly living his life, writing his poems. He did not have Li Bai's strong excitement, did not have Du Fu's deep worries, and from the perspective of personal cultivation, he could be regarded as another way.
You can also use the concept of film lenses to talk about this song "Deer Chai", empty mountains, human language, return scenes, deep forests, moss, all empty shots, are the subjective shots of the poet. Literary poetic works of art themselves, the world contemplated and expressed by literary poetics includes the subjective world, which is primary, transcendent, and higher than the techniques and rules of literature and art; The poet's feelings, longings, thoughts, emotions, and fascinations are more important and fundamental than poetic talents. However, the Chinese language, especially the Chinese characters, on which classical Chinese poetry relies, is too rich and too unique, and they are neatly arranged, long and short (words are also called long and short sentences), phonological rhythms, virtual and real battles, common and elegant distinctions, flat up and down, and refining words, all of which have reached the realm of pure fire and even self-sufficiency and self-beauty, and Chinese poetry has become a world of its own. Can't enter this world, empty talk about the lovers, enter this world, only Chen Chen chen causes are also many. The author here emphasizes the ontology and content of Chinese poetry, the personality and creation of poets, which may not be meaningless.
Sitting alone in the seclusion, playing the piano and whistling. The people of the deep forest do not know that the bright moon has come to take pictures. ——Wang Wei, "Zhuliguan"
At first glance, it is the common "solo" character in classical poetry, reminiscent of Liu Zongyuan's "fishing alone in the snow of the cold river," Wang Shizhen's "fishing alone in the autumn of a river", Zhou Bangyan's Ailian said, Zhou Bangyan's first said that Tao Yuanming loved Ju alone, and then said that he "loved lotus alone", Li Hou lord was "speechless and went to the West Building", and Lu You's "it is already dusk alone, and it is more wind and rain" The sense of loneliness is even stronger.
It is not surprising that the poets of the ancients, whose careers were not smooth, let alone the kings of the fallen kingdoms like the Later Lord, complained bitterly about their loneliness. Fishing in the snow and fishing in the river and fishing in autumn, then focus on showing their maverick behavior, clear and unstained, alone in the world, when the world is four, self-praise is more than self-lamentation. Wang Wei and them are "alone", but the mentality is different, he knows his loneliness, identifies with loneliness, is calm in loneliness, is stable in loneliness, and is indifferent to loneliness, but he does not have a dislike for the world. He is willing to keep a distance from his career, officialdom, and social circles, sitting in the deep bamboo forest, playing the piano and music, generous and long, self-appreciation, self-divergence, self-comfort, taking the moon as a companion and a friend for the glory of the sky for the cold, what worries can he have, what sorrows can he have, what more can he ask for, is there any resentment?
In addition to the solitude, there are also shadows, depths, and unknowns in the poems... Words that are more negative and snubbed, but at the same time, there are words such as playing the piano, long whistle, bright moon, and photo, which are balanced and complementary.
The word "deep forest" also appears in the previous poem " Deer Chai " . "Deep forest" is one of the poetic contexts that Wang Wei and even classical Chinese poetry likes to use.
When people sit quietly in the bamboo forest, no one knows, pluck the strings, roar heaven and earth, and like Wang Wei, who can be a Buddha and can poetry, it is like this, there is no other ambition, no ambition, no intention to exaggerate and create a publicity. He is not a successful person, there is little risk of defeat, he is not mixed, it seems that there is no dispute and no big blame, OK.
Matsushita asked the boy, and the teacher took the medicine and went. Only in this mountain, the clouds are deep and unknown. - Jia Dao, "The Seeker Doesn't Meet"
This is like a small vibrato, but it is much more elegant than the current vibrato, subtle, deep, taste-resistant, chewy, imaginative, and rich.
"Panasonic" clouds, already fairy qi; The boy may be a junior, a small squatter, an unrelated child, and ask his teacher—the master, the teacher, the teacher, the master, the master, the master—and say that he has gone to collect medicine. Most of his teachers are not professional pharmacists, pharmacists, or pharmacists. Gentlemen do not instrument, out of the mountains into the mountains, out of the world into the world, professional technicians, there is not much quality and taste, more attractive is the Great Confucian, Buddhist Taoist people, half immortal body, the genius of the wise root enlightenment, came to the deep mountains, half is to collect medicine, half to seek immortals, half to visit friends, half to ji shi, half to travel the mountains to admire the clouds and forests to chase inspiration, self-amusement and self-realization. And the "mountain" mentioned may be a mountain, a deep mountain, a mountain of high mountains, a mountain of dense forests, an infinite mountain in the mountains, an infinite mountain road, a sky outside the sky, a mountain inside the mountain, a hole in the cave, and a road outside the road. The clouds are deep and hidden in the mountains, hidden in the caves, hidden in the road, hidden in oneself, mysterious and profound.
And the whole poem is simple and simple, it is a child's language, a child's heart, and a child's shape, without pretense, without pretending to be sophisticated. Such a text, looking at it, solving its meaning, has been interesting, can be deep or shallow, can be thick or light, can have something to say, can not be more mouthed, there is a kind of poetry free and smooth, interpretation or no interpretation at all, can be satisfied with a touch of free intuition mentality. In fact, it is shallow and deep, meaning timeless.
Jia Daoqiren, his "deliberation" palm is far more famous than his poetry. So much so that Jia Dao's own story hindered the popularity of his own poetry.
In fact, "birds stay in the pond by the tree, monks push the moon under the door" or "monks knock on the moon under the door", is not worth the painstaking analysis of choices. The so-called "Yin'an one word, cut off a few stems and whiskers" "Dangerous to find the sky should be stuffy, wild search for the sea is also dry" (Lu Yanrang), the so-called "two sentences and three years, one chant and two tears", (Jia Dao), although he wrote the refinement and dedication to poetry, he still revealed the embarrassment of searching for dry intestines, if you read Qu Yuan's "Leaving the Troubles", read Li Bai's "Will Enter the Wine", read Du Fu's "The Hut Is Broken by the Autumn Wind", read Bai Juyi's "Long Hate Song" and "Pipa Line", you should be more aware of the surging poetic heart of the real poet, Poetry is surging and poetry is thin, poetry is overflowing, and poetry is amazingly happy and confident. Compared with the bitter meat meter of the bitter chant, the incomparable poetry of the poetry god is more worthy of praise, envy and praise. Of course, seemingly born, seemingly without any effort, does not mean that you can get lucky, does not mean that you do not make great efforts.
Jia Dao's poem "The Seeker Doesn't Meet" is still good. In addition, his poem "Swordsman/Shu Sword": "Ten years of grinding a sword, the frost blade has not been tried." Today will show the king, who has an unfair affair. "Also unexpected, slightly disliked or some sense of performance, after all, reading a shock, the heart is inspired." Non-idle, there are not many, no less, no
"Ten years to grind a sword" clouds, in a specific historical era has also evolved into "ten years to grind a play" said, poetry can be named for history, for life, for human experience, for thinking and expression to create different patterns, can be just in the middle of the ten rings, can be crooked, can be twisted as an explanation, can be crowned Li Dai.
Occasionally come under pine trees, sleep on high stones. There are no calendar days in the mountains, and the cold does not know the year. —— Taishang Hermit", "Mountain Residence Book"
Jia Dao's poem is looking for a hermit, but it is not found, and it seems that the hermit is indeed difficult to find. And the author of this poem calls himself a hermit, and he is the most high-end, the greatest, the most hidden, the most enlightened hermit. It's a hermit who boldly puts his mouth on the cannon.
Blowing what, I happened to come to a psychic ancient pine, the ancient pine's upright, evergreen, Qingqi, Yajing, Gaoshou, rosin, pine tower, pine mushroom, standing position, has been very extraordinary, very spirited. What is more reiki is "occasional coming". Not deliberately, not necessarily, without purpose, you can say that he came to the great ancient pine tree, it can be said that the supernatural pine tree came to the head of the hermit.
Why the emphasis on "occasional coming"? To come by chance is to do nothing, to go with the flow, to hide from the hidden, to be self-righteous, to become self-made, and to lose to be self-defeating. "Sleep on the stone", even better, sit back and relax, sit back for fun, sit back, and the word "high sleep" is still the meaning of high pillow. Pillow stone? I am afraid that there are problems in technical operation, the stone is too hard, too cold, the shape is rarely suitable for beds or pillows, the heat transfer of the stone is too fast, sleeping for a long time will be injured, it is difficult to use the stone as a pillow mat, it is difficult to sleep through on the stone.
But the hermit of the bard is different, he is one with the mountain stone pine cypress, clouds, birds, animals, flowers, flowers and grasses, cold and hot days and nights, the stone is his living environment, his "field", his walking and stopping, that is, his pillow mat, is his house, and his heaven and earth set up a seven-star hotel. He is one with the great block, with the heavens and the earth, with the sun, moon, and stars, with the grass and trees, and with the heavenly path.
The bottom is a step further, "there is no calendar day in the mountains", what does it mean? He does not need to know spring, summer, autumn and winter, yin and yang, cold and summer, does not need to know the year, month, day, and does not need to know the week, commuting to work, weekend vacation, prayer and sacrifice, matter, god, ancestor and social, there is no matter for him; He has no schedule, no tasks, no completions, no delays, no merits, no advantages and disadvantages.
He did not have the sense of urgency brought about by the calendar day and time, the pressure of time and age, the sentimentality and fear of the death of life, and the worry about life. At most with pine trees, stones, know a hot and cold, know the cold pole after slowly warming, the cold will gradually disappear, why do you need to experience and calculate, thinking and lamenting over the years?
There is a naïve nonculturalism, non-evolutionary theory: cultural intelligence increases people's ability to pursue happiness, and also increases the complexity and danger of interpersonal relationships and the possibility of multi-party anxiety. Just as adults always think back to the innocence of their childhood, human beings will also be nostalgic and dream of the simplicity of childhood. As early as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Confucius had lamented that since more than 700 BC, the ceremony collapsed and was not as good as the Tang Yao Yu Shun Xia Yu Zhou Wen Zhou Wu Zhou Gong era. Zhuangzi simply believed that since the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan clan, it has been the people's hearts that are not ancient, and the world is getting worse and worse.
It is difficult to do it, it can be reverie, it can be designed, life may "occasionally" come with completely different opportunities, no calendar and no day make you live without hurry, and the world seems to be different in the two crosses.
Poetry is life, poetry is a dream, poetry is also with or without, poetry is documentary, but also fantasia, is a spark, is an "occasional" inspiration after a long period of brewing, and is still the beauty, beauty and beauty of the land of Shenzhou.
Author: Wang Meng
Editor: Xueying Wang
Planner: Wang Xueying