laitimes

Nan Bingwen: Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" Important Draft Xu's "History of Ming" Temptation - The Discovery of the Pioneer of Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" Written Concisely and Decently

author:Ancient
Nan Bingwen: Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" Important Draft Xu's "History of Ming" Temptation - The Discovery of the Pioneer of Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" Written Concisely and Decently
Abstract: Xu Qianxue served as the chief executive officer when he was revising the History of Ming in the Qing Dynasty, and he changed a large part of the first draft of the biography from complicated to simplified, into a 98-volume "History of Ming", which is also known as the "Ming History". His book is characterized by conciseness, and has been inherited and carried forward by Wang Hongxu, Zhang Tingyu, etc., forming the 208 volumes of hengyunshan people's "Ming Shi Lie Biography", the 162 volumes of the manuscript "Ming Shi Lie Biography", the 310 volume of "Ming History Draft" and the "Ming History" 332 volumes of the concise system "Ming History" draft and "Ming History" final version. This system is standing on the basis of the 313 volumes of the Ming Shi Lie biography, the 416 volumes of the Ming Shi, the 267 volumes of the Ming Shi Lie Biography, and other rich manuscripts formed in the early stage of the writing of the existing final version of the "History of Ming", and it is in line with the writing method of the general history, and the 332 volumes of the final version of the "Ming History" in its series are listed in the "Twenty-Four Histories" of the classic series of history books, and the reputation is all over the world. Xu's "History of Ming" was a pioneer in writing a concise and final version of the "History of Ming", and Xu Qianxue's contribution to the history of historiography cannot be ignored. Xu's "History of Ming" has been invisible for a long time and is not known to the world. In recent years, it has been included in the photocopy and publication of the "Ming Dynasty Historical Records Collection", which has begun to attract the attention of the historical circles, but its circulation and value have not been discussed, and it needs to be strengthened.

First, Xu Qian learned from him

Xu Qianxue, Ziyuan Yi, Number Jian Ling. People from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. He was born in the fourth year of Ming Chongzhen and died in July of the 33rd year of the Qing Kangxi Dynasty. Although his career was not smooth, he was generally a high-ranking official. In the ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he was the third and first to be taught the Inner Hongwen Academy. The inner three courtyards were changed to Hanlin Academy, which was still edited. Fifteen years to the right Zanshan, twenty-three years to Zhan Shi, twenty-four years to the cabinet bachelor and ceremonial attendant, twenty-six years to the left capital of the imperial history. Finally, he was appointed to the Shangshu of the Punishment Department. [1]

Xu Qianxue is also a university scholar. Later generations have more concern for it, and this is also the degree reached by their knowledge. It is no exaggeration to say that his people are knowledgeable and sophisticated. "In the study of scriptures, since the Tang and Song dynasties, the confucian scriptures have been interpreted, and those who are not common in the world do not search for references, and the carved plates are unique, and they are written as arguments." [2] His book "Reading the Ritual Examination" in 120 volumes, "a series of articles and points, quite detailed preparation", "ancient and modern words and funerals gai mo prepared for the yan". [3] "In poetics, it is said that there are three hundred poems of ancient and modern times, with han and Wei as the sheng, and the following Tang as the commission." On the Tang Dynasty, Zhenguan and Yonghui are the source, Kaiyuan and The Great Calendar are praised as sheng, while Yuanhe and Kaicheng are the following commissions, which are related to those who are deep, ancient in words, calm and sarcastic, and subtle and subtle, and those who are carved, steep, and fierce. The wise man thinks he knows the word". [4] In historiography, "those who continued the Tongjian by the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Chen Jue and Wang Zongmu, most of them varied year by year, and their deeds fell off; Xue Yingxu's compilation, although slightly detailed, such as ... With Hu Yan as the Zhu Zimen people, the absurdity is even greater, and it is not enough to follow Sima Guang, but with Yin County Wansitong, Taiyuan Yan Ruoxuan, Deqing Hu Wei, etc., compared with the history of the canon, refer to the books, as the compilation." [5]

Because of his high official position and good learning, he was appointed for a long time to direct many cultural classics compilation projects organized by the imperial court. For example, he was ordered to be the president of the "Great Qing Dynasty Unified Chronicle", "Great Qing Huidian" and "Ming History", where the three pavilions were collared. He was also ordered to compile the traces of the security and chaos of the past dynasties, and the political affairs were called "Jian Gu Ji". He was also (ordained) to select the texts from the Zhou and Qin dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, divided into three episodes, neither internal, external, and other, known as the Ancient Wen Yuanjian(Guwen Yuanjian)." [6] The project of compiling cultural classics that he participated in and commanded also achieved impressive achievements, such as "The Great Qing Dynasty unified history, ancient and modern history, the situation of mountains and rivers, the characters of Duyi, and The Field of Toda, which is detailed and debated, which means that it is a book of scriptures, and it is especially written by historians." [7] His achievements in the compilation of the History of the Ming Dynasty have attracted special attention from the world. Or Yun: "In the Draft History of the Ming Dynasty, the great rites, the three cases, the Donglin, and the science of science are all public special writings, which are enough to be recorded." [8] In the Kangxi Twenty-Eight Years' "Preparation of Chen Xiushu Matters", he also talked about his achievements in the revision of Ming history: "The "History of Ming" compiled by the minister, zhengde and Jiajing dynasties, as well as the "Geographical History", "Zhi guan zhi", and "Yiwen Zhi", have now been unscripted, and his "Hequ Zhi", "Ru Lin", "Wen Yuan" and other biographies were brought back to the history museum by Rong Chen and sent to the history museum. [9] The Sixty-one Articles of the "Articles on the Revision of History" written in cooperation with his brother Xu Yuanwen and others played a positive role in unifying the understanding and improving the quality of the ming history museum colleagues in the early stage of compiling the "History of Ming", and was also praised by the people of the world.

Talking about Xu Qianxue's deeds, especially Xu Qianxue's contribution to the revision of the History of Ming, there is a draft called Xu Qianxue's History of Ming, which should be paid attention to. Xu Qianxue continued to work on the post of compiling the History of Ming until the last moment of Kangxi's thirty-three years of life, leaving behind a draft of the History of Ming with the title of "History of Ming" that could not be finally completed but was already of considerable scale. This draft only includes the biography, but the name used in the original book is "Ming Shi", so in addition to Xu's "Ming History", it can also be called "Ming Shi Lie Biography". This draft is one of the most abundant in content among the results formed by Xu Qianxue after personally revising the draft provided by his colleagues after participating in the compilation of the Ming History Museum. However, it is known to many people in the academic community, and it is a matter of late to recent years, so the understanding of all aspects of it is still very superficial. This article was written to introduce the author's research experience on this draft in recent years to the academic community, in order to communicate with each other and improve together.

2. The circulation and content of Xu's "History of Ming"

At the beginning of this volume, Shen Chao wrote a preface to the book written by Han Fangzhuo in the spring of the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Gengchen. [10] This preface was written at the request of Xu Bingyi, xu Qianxue's younger brother: "Quoted by the simplicity of Mr. Guoting (Xu Bingyi's number - quoted note). The preface also states: "It is the book from the Gong (referring to Xu Qianxue - Citation Note) Brother Guoting Mr. Guoting." [11] It can be seen that before that, from the death of Xu Qianxue in the 33rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty to the spring of the 39th year, for about five years, this book was always stored in the xu brothers' family. Xu Bingyi became the president of the Ming Shi Museum shortly after the Kangxi 39th spring examination,[12] and it is inferred that after Shen Chaochu wrote the preface to this, He was immediately presented to the Ming Shi Museum by Xu Bingyi, because Xu Qianxue was commissioned by Xu Qianxue to write for the Ming Shi Museum, and Xu Bingyi, who had already been appointed as the president of the Ming Shi, was inconvenient to continue to keep it in his private collection. When Wang Hongxu guili of the 48th and 53rd years of the Kangxi Dynasty wrote the 208-volume Biography of the Ming Dynasty, Xu's book of the History of Ming seems to have been taken by Wang to his hometown of Huating, because almost all of the book's volume arrangement and writing were inherited by Wang 's manuscript (see below for details). After that, the book circulated and remained untraceable for a long time, until the Guangxu period at the end of the Qing Dynasty, when it reappeared.

At the beginning of the volume of the book, there is a memoir of Zou Fubao, a minchu man at the end of the Qing Dynasty, stating: "Guangxu Ding You (twenty-three years) in the ninth autumn, Fangyou Hou Nianchun showed it in the "Biography of ming history", a total of sixty-five volumes, that is, this Xu Jianliang (that is, Xu Qianxue - Citation Note) hand collection is also unexpired. Leave it for a few days, take the engraving, and greatly increase or lose. On its first page there is the township sage Han Taishi Fang Zhuo Handpak (Han Fangzhuo is the number of Shen Chaochu, and the record here in this book regards "Han" as a surname, mistakenly - the citation note), which is detailed in the source stream of the book. According to the press, Gong Yu Kangxi Nongzi (eleven years) as the president of the "Ming History" museum (Zha Xu Qianxuechong "Ming History" museum president is actually Kangxi Nongzhi twenty-one years, here is a mistake in the record - citation note), and later because of the cutting of different parties and the same, they fell in love with each other, and died unfinished. He ordered Zhang Tingyu to enter the Capital To engrave. Compared with the two books, it is far better than Zhang Ben, and its best points cannot be enumerated, and the good history of the Ming Dynasty is also the cause of immortality. It is a book with excellent ink and antique color, which is unbearable to love. Naiso is worth Chi Ang, not the favor of the Qi Hanshi. However, the secret was difficult to encounter, and Yu also refused to give up. Shang Zhizhi went to the third, and even exchanged a thousand silver cakes for a thousand pieces, and hid them. Today I sit bored, write a few words, and tell my children and grandchildren, the treasures of the world. On May 20 and 3, Yuan and Zou Fu bao. When the clothes are thin (as cotton - the introducer's note), it is almost forgotten for the summer solstice festival, so it can burn candles and wave a little, so as not to cause mosquitoes and gnats to intersect. And remember. ”[13]

According to this article, there are many errors in this article written by Zou Fubao, and in addition to those corrected when transcribing its original text above, there is another major error that is very obvious, that is, on the one hand, it contains this record written in the twenty-second year of Guangxu Bingshen, and on the other hand, it contains his first sight and buys this book as the twenty-third day of The Twenty-third Year of Guangxu, which is obviously impossible, when the record contains the year of reversing the first view, purchase and record. However, although this account is frequently flawed, it cannot negate the fact that Xu's "History of Ming" reappeared in the Guangxu period. There are three of them. First, the preface signed by Han Fangzhuo has an undeniable authenticity,[14] which provides strong evidence for the authenticity of Xu's History of the Ming Dynasty referred to in this preface.

Second, Zou Fubao's experience has made an understandable explanation for the many loopholes in the previous quotation he wrote. The third volume of Cao Yunyuan's "Continuation of the Restoration" published in 1922 contains a biography of Zou Fubao, entitled "Hanlin Yuan's Attendant Zou Jun's Family Biography", which states: "Junming Fubao, Character Wing Chun, Yizi Yunji, Yuan heren ... Guangxu Chengshu (twelve years) became a first and second jinshi... Ding You (23 years) was promoted to the rank of attendant of the Hanlin Academy, and served as an examiner for the Shun Tianxiang Examination. Withdraw, smell the mother's illness urgently, cast the pot please return to the nursing, bow to the soup medicine, the clothes are not unclothed for several months. Sick and well, he left his mother at home. Wu Shu (twenty-four years) was bereaved by his mother, mourned and destroyed several extinctions, cold and snow negative burial, rilu tomb side ... He has compiled books such as "The Sayings of the Matrix Heart", "Compilation of Praise and Filial Piety", "Gentleman Fan", and "Residual Ming Wen Qi". His book "The Wencun of The Caotang of The Clouds" includes "Persuading the Various Sects in Wuzhong to Practice Patriarchal Theory"... They are all powerful and vulgar, and the people of the world have great merit. [15] From this transmission, it can be seen that Zou Fubao was a man who attached great importance to traditional morality, especially filial piety, and that on May 23, 23, Guangxu, when he wrote his account of Xu's "History of Ming", it was only two and a half months before he heard that his mother was critically ill after the end of the township examination. [16] A person's illness usually has a period of discomfort and gradual aggravation of the disease some time before the critical illness. It can be seen that when Zou Fubao wrote that article in May of the twenty-third year of Guangxu, he was faced with the situation where his old mother was ill, in a bad mood, and in a trance. In this situation, it is not accidental that some miswritten phenomena occur.

Third, Zou Fubao's compilation of the book "Residual Ming Wen Zhao" shows that he is quite concerned about and fond of the history of Ming, which makes the article written by Zou Fubao in May of the twenty-third year of Guangxu convincing people, thus further adding points to the credibility of Xu's "History of Ming" that appeared during the Guangxu years.

Regarding the content of Xu's "History of Ming", the preface written by Shen Chaochu states: "(Xu Shi) "The Ninety-three Volumes of the History of Ming"; also known as: "Covered from Hongwu, down to Qi, Zhen, Jingjing Scales, Jing is not complete, and the good history of the Cheng generation is good." [17] This statement roughly reflects the general outline of the contents of Xu's History of the Ming Dynasty. But slightly unspecified or inaccurate. Regarding the number of volumes, the last volume of the original book of The History of Ming of the Zha Xu clan is indeed marked as ninety-three volumes. However, a careful examination of the volumes of the whole book shows that the ordering of the volumes is not all encoded in order, and five of them are successively recoded, that is, volumes 45, 57, 84, 85, and 86 each share a volume code. Therefore, the whole book is actually ninety-eight volumes. As for the time range of the people they received, in fact, they generally received the apocalyptic period, and there were many people who did not receive the apocalyptic period, as for those who could still be active in the Chongzhen period, they were only individual figures, and their main activities were also before Chongzhen, and the so-called "down to the next and the next" cloud should be greatly discounted. In addition, it is worth mentioning that this book does not contain all the biographies of "Queen Concubines", "Kings", "Princesses", "Ru Lin", "Wen Yuan" and so on. In short, Xu's "History of Ming" is an unfinished "History of Ming" book. However, the number of its volumes reached ninety-eight, and the number of characters received was only 951, with a total word count of about 100,000, and this book is already a very large historical book about Ming Dynasty figures. Among the many drafts of Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" that exist, the only ones that can be compared are the 313-volume Ming Shi Ji Biography, the 416-volume Ming History collected by the National Library, the 208-volume Ming Shi Lie Manuscript compiled by Wang Hongxu in the 53rd year of Kangxi Jingshentang, the 162-volume Ming ShiLie Manuscript of Wang Hongxu Jingshentang's manuscript, the 310-volume Manuscript of Wang Hongxu Yongzheng's First Year Submission of the Ming History Manuscript,[18] and the 267-volume Ming Shi Lie Manuscript collected by Fudan University Library. For the sake of convenience, the above drafts are referred to as "Xu Draft", "313 Books", "416 Books", "208 Books", "162 Books", "Yongzheng Books", and "Fudan Books" respectively.

Third, striving for conciseness is the main feature of Xu's "History of Ming"

Xu's "History of ming" strives to be concise, which is first manifested in the writing. Taking Wu Baipeng's biography as an example, the following is a comparison of the "Three-One Three Books", "Four-One-Six Books", "Fudan Ben" and the relevant parts of the "Xu Manuscript" as evidence. Wu Baipeng's biography is in the preface to the above books, namely, volume 181, volume 315, volume 167, and volume 76. All the copied biographical texts are written one by one in the first line of the "Three Books of Trinity", and those with the same and different lines of text write the words used, and those without words are indicated by the sign of "×". Except for special instructions in this article, all similar texts will be treated as such and will not be explained.

"Three One Three Books": Wu Baipeng character only Xi Yiwu people Jiajing twenty-six years into the jinshi granted Yongfengzhi County to worship

"416 Books": Wu Baipeng character only XiYiwu jiajing twenty-six years into the jinshi granted Yongfengzhi county to worship

"Fudan Ben": Wu Baipeng character only XiYiwu people Jiajing twenty-six years into the jinshi to Yongfengzhi County to worship

"Xu Draft": Wu Baipeng character wei Xiyiwu people Jiajing twenty-six years into the jinshi granted Yongfengzhi County to worship

"Three One Three Books": The Imperial History Calendar According to the Huaiyang Lake Guangman Nine Years Promoted dali Temple to the Right Shaoqing Forty-two

"416 Books": The Imperial History Calendar According to the Huaiyang Lake Guangman Nine Years Promoted Dali Temple to the Right Shaoqing Forty-two

"Fudan Ben": The imperial history calendar according to huaiyang lake guangman nine years promoted dali temple to the right shaoqing forty-two

"Xu Draft": According to the Huaiyang Lake Guangdong ××× promoted to Dali Temple, the right Shaoqing forty-two

"Three One Three Books": In the summer of the year, he entered the right capital Of Yushi Fuzhi Yunyang and changed to the military inspector Nan Ganting Zhang

"416 Books": In the summer of the year, he entered the right capital of Yushi Fuzhi Yunyang and changed to the military inspector Nan Ganting Zhang

"Fudan Ben": In the summer of the year, he entered the right capital Yushi Fuzhi Yunyang to the military inspector Nan Ganting Zhang

"Xu Draft": In the summer of that year, he entered the right capital Yushi Fuzhi Yunyang and changed his military affairs to Inspector Nangan Tingzhang

"Three One Three Books": And Wu Guifang also served as a waiter to oversee Liangguang's military orders in February next year

"416 Books": And Wu Guifang also used the title of waiter to supervise Liangguang and Liangguang to transfer the Tuhan military orders in February next year

"Fudan Ben": And Wu Guifang also served as a waiter to supervise Liangguang and liangguang to transfer the Tuhan military order in February next year

"Xu Draft": ××××× ××××××××× with Wu Guifang, the viceroy of Liangguang

"Three One Three Books": The chief soldier Yu Dayu will beg the heyuan thief Li Yayuan to break the peace in April to guard Cai Rulan defeated the cheng thief

"416 Books": The chief soldier Yu Dayu will beg the river source thief Li Yayuan to break the peace in April to guard Cai Rulan defeat the cheng thief

"Fudan Ben": The chief soldier Yu Dayu will beg the river source thief Li Yayuan to break the peace in April to guard Cai Rulan defeated the Cheng thief

"Xu Draft": ×××××× Li Yayuan, a thief at the source of the Pinghe River×××××××××××× a township thief

"Three One Three Books": Ye Danlou in Datian Danlou Ben Gui Shan Fu Kou Shi Xing Bai Peng sent a garrison li Ning Shuai Shi Zhi Gui

"416 Books": Ye Danlou in Datian Danlou Ben Gui Shan Fu Kou ShiXing Hundred Friends sent a garrison Li Ning to lead the division to Gui

"Fudan Ben": Ye Danlou in Datian Danlou Ben Gui Shan Fu Kou Shi Xing Bai Peng sent a garrison Li Ning to lead the division to Gui

Xu Draft: Ye Danlou ××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": Fang Bing also captured more than 200 people and will break the Lan Song Mountain Yu of Tai Po Min, Guangdong Province

"416 Books": Fang Bing also captured more than 200 people and will break the Lan Song Shan Yu of Tai Po Min, Guangdong Province

"Fudan Ben": Fang Bing also captured more than 200 people and then broke the Lan Song Shan Yu of Tai Po Min, Guangdong Province

"Xu Draft": ×××××××××× will also be a teacher to break the Lansong Mountain Yu of Tai Po Min, Guangdong Province

"Three One Three Books": Dachun gathers the crowd to advocate the chaos to rob the officials and troops of the four provinces of Zhangyan Xingquan, and the officers and soldiers of the four provinces rush to attack Ben Yongchun and Xiangliao to steal Su Apu

"416 Books": Dachun gathers the crowd to advocate the chaos and robbery of Zhangyan Xingquan, the officers and soldiers of the four provinces of Ben Yongchun and Xiangliao thief Su Apu

"Fudan Ben": Dachun gathers the crowd to advocate the chaos and robbery of zhangyan xingquan four officials and troops rushing to Ben Yongchun and Xiangliao thief Su Apu

"Xu Draft": Dachun ××× chaotic counties××××××××× defeated Ben Yongchun and Xiangliao thief Su Apu

"Three One Three Books": Fan Jizu even commanded Geng Zongyuan to defeat The soldiers de'an Weidu also tended to Pingping Longyan's tricks

"416 Books": Fan Jizu even commanded Geng Zongyuan to defeat The soldier De'an Weidu also tended to Pingping Longyan's tricks

"Fudan Ben": Fan Jizu even commanded Geng Zongyuan to defeat The soldiers de'an Weidu also tended to Pingping Longyan's devious words to listen to him

"Xu Draft": Fan Jizu even commanded Geng Zongyuan to defeat the soldiers De'an Weidu××××××× and asked fu ×

"Three One Three Books": Slowing down our division and sneaking back to ChengXiang Baipeng knew that his deceitful Yang strike was surrendered and the Yin Luring Thief Party was the internal should lead the officers and troops to the fourth

"416 Books": Slowing down our division and sneaking back to ChengXiang Baipeng knew that his fraudulent Yang strikers were surrendered and the Yin Luring Thief Party led the officers and troops to the fourth

"Fudan Ben": Slowing down our division and sneaking back to ChengXiang Baipeng knew that its deceitful Yang strikers were surrendered and the Yin Luring Thief Party was the fourth officer and army of the inner should be led

"Xu Draft": ×××××××× Baipeng also ×× Yang to strike the army××× and lured the thief party as an internal response ××××

"Three One Three Books": The thief of the face attack destroyed Songshan Dachun Jizu both captured Apu Yi to find and captured only the three nests

"416 Books": The thief of the face attack destroys Matsuyama Dachun Jizu and captures Apu Yi to find the only three nests

"Fudan Ben": The thief of the face attack defeated Matsuyama Dachun Jizuzu and captured Apu Yi to find the only three nests

"Xu Draft": ××××××××××××××××××, only three nests have not been captured

"Three One Three Books": The Three Nests and Peace Li Wenbiao according to Cen Gang Long Nan Xie Yunzhang according to the Nansha Lai Qing Regulations under the calendar xiang xiang knot

"416 Books": The Three Nests and Li Wenbiao according to Cen Gang Long Nan Xie Yunzhang according to the Nansha Lai Qing Regulations under the calendar xiang xiang knot

"Fudan Ben": The Three Nests and Li Wenbiao according to Cen Gang Longnan Xie Yunzhang according to the Nansha Lai Qing Regulations under the calendar xiang xiang knot

"Xu Draft": The Three Nests and Li Wenbiao ××× according to Cen Gang Longnan Xie Yunzhang according to the Nansha Lai Qing Regulations

"Three One Three Books": The court of the county was robbed by chaos and plundered at the beginning of the war, and the Fang Thorn did not have time to requisition it, and Wen Biao died zizhen for ten years

"416 Books": The court of the county was harassed and plundered at the beginning of the reign of Fang Thorn, and Wen Biao died in ten years

"Fudan Ben": The imperial court of the county was harassed and plundered at the beginning of the reign of The Emperor Fang Thorn did not have time to conquest zhiyi and Wen Biao died ten years later

"Xu Draft": ×××××× imperial court × ×× × thorns and did not please ×× and Wen Biao died ten years later

"Three One Three Books": and Jiang Yuezhao's succession of the trend of prosperity in the autumn of the forty-fourth year into the Hundred Peng Right Vice Capital Yushi Inspector as before

"416 Books": and Jiang Yuezhao's succession of the trend of prosperity in the autumn of the forty-fourth year into the Hundred Peng Right Vice Capital Yushi Inspector as before

"Fudan Ben": And Jiang Yuezhao's succession of the trend of prosperity in the autumn of the forty-fourth year into the Hundred Peng Right Vice Capital Yushi Inspector as before

"Xu Draft": and Jiang Yuezhao followed × Yi rampant in the autumn of the forty-fourth year into the Hundred Peng Right Vice Capital Yushi Inspector as before

"Three One Three Books": Hundred friends decide to enter the discussion next spring to loose the three nests according to the danger of chaos, deeply rooted in the arrogance of the king

"416 Books": Hundred friends decide to enter the next spring to loose the three nests according to the danger of chaos, deeply entrenched and arrogantly claimed to be the king

"Fudan Ben": Bai Peng decided to enter the discussion next spring to neglect the three nests according to the danger of chaos, and the roots were deeply rooted and arrogant

"Xu Draft": ××××××××× Shang shu shu three nests×××××××× usurpation is called king

"Three Books of Trinity": Every time the rebels preach the imperial court Weide Qujia comforts, he hopes that he will be new and the thief will not be able to get away with it

"416 Books": Every time the rebels preach the imperial court Weide Qu jia comforts them, they hope that they will be new and thieves will not be able to survive in the end

"Fudan Ben": Every time the rebels preach the imperial court Weide Qujia comforts them, they hope that they will be renewed and the thieves will not be able to survive in the end

"Xu Draft": Swirling and flogging rebel ××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": Guangdong's Peace Dragon Chuan Xingning Jiangxi Dragon Nanxin Feng Anyuan eats more than half of the present and does not urgently pursue the future

"416 Books": Guangdong's Peace Dragon Chuan Xingning Jiangxi Dragon Nanxin Feng Anyuan eats more than half of this day and does not urgently pursue the future

"Fudan Ben": Guangdong's peace Dragon Chuan Xingning Jiangxi Dragon Nanxin Feng Anyuan cannibalize more than half of this day is not urgent to conquer the future

"Xu Draft": Guangdong × and Pinglongchuan Xingning Jiangxi × Longnan Xinfeng Anyuan encroached on more than half of the × and did not urgently × to consult ××

"Three Books of Trinity": The calamity of the invincible speakers will be robbed by the bandits and the authorities

"416 Books": The calamity of the invincible speakers will be robbed by the masses of thieves and the accumulation of power

"Fudan Ben": The calamity of the invincible speakers will be robbed by the bandits and the authorities

"Xu Draft": × disaster × insurmountable ×××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": Veteran generals who know the soldiers also agree that 300,000 people must attack it, which is not to be used

"416 Books": Veteran generals who know the soldiers also agree that 300,000 people must attack it, and it is not impossible to use it

"Fudan Ben": Veteran generals who know the soldiers also agree that 300,000 people must attack it, and it is not impossible to use it

Xu Draft: ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": The soldier's key is not expensive, not expensive, and many ministers have been in charge for three years to plan their dangerous terrain and people's feelings

"416 Books": The soldier's key is not expensive, and many ministers have served for three years to plan their dangerous terrain and people's feelings

"Fudan Ben": The soldier's key is not expensive, not expensive, and many ministers have been in charge for three years to plan their dangerous terrain and human feelings

Xu Draft: ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": True Soldier Training Calendar Test can be used to add to the people's hearts and minds belong to the thief party gradually out of its unexpected destruction

"416 Books": True Soldier Training History Test can be used to add to the hearts of the people who belong to the thief party and gradually leave their unintentional destruction

"Fudan Ben": True Soldier Training Calendar Test can be used to add to the hearts of the people who belong to the thief party and gradually leave their unexpected destruction

Xu Draft: ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": The first Kou Lei has a strong flaw in the use of soldiers, and there are three nests in succession, Yun Zhang has already questioned his wife Zhen Yuezhao, and other fearful beaks do not dare

"416 Books": The first Kou Lei has a strong flaw in the use of soldiers, and there are three nests in succession, Yun Zhang has already questioned his wife Zhen Yuezhao and other fearful beaks

"Fudan Ben": Di Kou Lei has a strong flaw in the use of soldiers, there are three nests in succession, Yun Zhang has been hostage to his wife Zhen Yuezhao and other fearful beaks do not dare

"Xu Draft": ×××××××××× according to the three nests × ××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": Acting arbitrarily only Qing Rules and tyrants across the six counties of Jiangguang and the people who are in danger and rebel against their orders as before

"416 Ben": Acting arbitrarily only Qing Rules and tyrants across the six counties of Jiangguang and Guangdong, the people are in danger and against their fate as before

"Fudan Ben": Acting arbitrarily only Qing Rules and tyrants across the six counties of Jiangguang and Guangdong to take risks against their fate as in the past

"Xu Draft": ×× only qing rules×××× across the × of Jiangguang six counties××× the most rebellious ×××× the use of troops must be self-

"Three One Three Books": The first minister of the next calendar has left the town Xinfeng to deploy the special committee of the generals to supervise cai wen li you to supervise the carved nest strongman

"416 Books": The first minister of the next calendar has moved to Zhenxinfeng to deploy the special committee of the generals to supervise the Inspection of Cai Wen Li You, who is the commander of the carved period

"Fudan Ben": The first minister of the next calendar has moved to Zhenxinfeng to deploy the special committee of soldiers to guard the north of the country, Cai Wen Li You, to supervise the strong people who are making nests during the engraving period

"Xu Draft": The beginning of the next calendar ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": If you lift up, the weak will serve cen gang Gaosha and gradually pacify the Sejong Sect (below)

"416 Books": If you lift up the weak, you will serve cen gang Gaosha and gradually ping Yi Shizong's ministry to discuss it (below)

"Fudan Ben": If you lift up, the weak will serve cen gang Gaosha and gradually pacify the Sejong Sect (below)

"Xu Draft": Emperor Caidu of the ××××××××××××××××× Consulted from It (Omitted Below)

Counting the number of words in wu Baipeng's biography in the four drafts of the Ming History listed above, the result is that the "Three One Three Books", "Four Eleven Six Books", and "Fudan Ben" are all 686 words, and the "Xu Draft" is only 304 words, a total reduction of 382 words, in other words, the "Xu Draft" is more than half less than half the words used in each of the other three books. This phenomenon of a single biography of Xu Manuscript being less than the number of words in the other three corresponding biographies is not a minority, but quite common, but not necessarily a proportion of which is more than half. Due to the length of the article, there will be no more examples here.

The number of biographies received in each volume of the Xu Manuscript, that is, the number of masters in each volume, is often more than that of the "Three One Three Books", "Four Eleven Six Books", and "Fudan Books". For example, Han Lin'er, a group of heroes at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the "Three One Three Books" (volume 27, volume 28, and volume 29), the "Four One Six Books" (volume 156, volume 157, volume 158), and the "Fudan Ben" (volume 8, volume 9, volume 10) are all written in three volumes. The first volume contains the biographies of Han Lin'er and Guo Zixing, the middle volume contains the biographies of Xu Shouhui, Chen Youyi (Fu Zili, Xiong Tianrui), and Zhang Shicheng, and the second volume contains the biographies of Ming Yuzhen (Fu Zi Sheng), Fang Guozhen, and Li Siqi. The Xu Manuscript, on the other hand, divides the middle volume into two, with Zhang Shicheng moving to the beginning of the following volume, and the rest moving up to the end of the previous volume, thus forming a two-volume pattern and reducing one volume (see Volumes I and II of the book). For example, in the "Three One Three Books" (volume 34, volume 35), the "Four Eleven Six Books" (volume 163, volume 164), and the "Fudan Ben" (volume 15, volume 16), the two volumes contain the biographies of Feng Sheng (attached to brother Guoyong), Fu Youde, Liao Yongzhong, and Lan Yu (with Cao Zhen, Zhang Yi, Zhang Wen, Chen Huan, Zhu Shou, Cao Xing), while the Xu Manuscript combines the above two volumes unchanged in one volume (see volume 2 of the book). The reasons for this method of expanding the number of biographical passages contained in each volume of the "Xu Manuscript", that is, the number of biographies, are different, and the number of words in each biography is reduced due to the concise writing, and when it is one of the articles that cannot be ignored, the shortening of the biography is conducive to increasing the number of biographies in each volume.

The efforts of the "Xu Draft" to be concise are also reflected in its reduction in the number of biographies. The author has made detailed statistics on the number of people who have been written in the Xu Manuscript, the 313 Books, the 416 Books, and the Fudan Book. In order to make the above four books comparable, in the statistics, according to the "Xu Draft" neutral biography of the first character is Han Lin'er, the last character is Huang Kemiao, and the range of the number of people in the respective books from the volume where Han Lin'er's biography is located to the volume where Huang Kejie's biography is located is determined. The results of the statistics are as follows:

title Statistical range The number of volumes counted Standing positive number
《313》 Volumes 27 to 221 194 1667
《416》 Volumes VII to 199 193 1608
Fudan Ben Volumes VIII to XXVII 195 1633
《Xu Draft》 Volumes 1 to 93 (actually 98 volumes) 98 951

Compared with the number of canons established by the four books, the Xu Manuscript has 716, 657 and 682 fewer people than the other three books, respectively, and its decrease is more than one-third.

The "Xu Draft" strives to be concise, which is a very correct approach, the existence of a dynasty, many hundreds of years, many people are complicated, if you do not seek to be concise, it is bound to cause the length to be too lengthy, not convenient for general readers to use. The History of the Song, one of the "Twenty-Four Histories", was criticized for this. The drafts written in the early stages of the History of Ming were all written and passed on a large number, and the famous historian Vance Tong participated in the writing work of this period, and was the most important actual bearer, in view of the fact that the purpose of writing these drafts was to provide revised drafts for the future final draft, so Vance Tong's focus at that time was on the accuracy of historical events and whether their biographies should be included in the book, and did not work conciseness or not, and he did not have the time and energy to make efforts on it at that time. But in his heart, he advocated the need to be concise when processing it into a final draft. In the autumn of the thirty-fifth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Vance Tong, a young friend whom he had made with him for "surrendering his teeth alone", said: "In the past, people were already sick and prosperous in the "History of Song", and what I said will be doubled. It is not that I do not know that simplicity is noble, and that I am afraid that those who are afraid of the latter will be knowledgeable and do not know what to do, so that those who know what I have taken will be damaged, and those who do not take will not be true to what they say, and they will not benefit from it. If Zi Cheng wants to do things with the ancient text, he is willing to be indifferent to Si, as I have said, about the law of righteousness, and the scriptures and verses, he wrote it every day, and wrote it later: "This four Ming Wanshi was created." Then I will not hate it when I die. [19] It can be seen that the conciseness of the Xu Draft is not only completely consistent with what Vance saw, but also shows that Xu and Wan Nai were slightly the same as what the heroes saw, and that Xu had already put this view into action at least two or three years before Wan Shi explicitly proposed it (the thirty-third year of Kangxi in the year of Xu's death), which was a rare move. When Wan Shi of the Thirty-fifth Year of the Kangxi Dynasty put forward this view, he failed to talk about the concise characteristics of the Xu Draft, and when it was because Xu Bingyi handed the Xu Draft from the Xu family to the Ming History Museum in the spring of the Thirty-ninth Year of the Kangxi Dynasty, he did not see the draft and did not know its specific circumstances.

4. The Influence of the Xu Manuscript

Wang Hongxu officially completed and presented to the imperial court in the 53rd year of the Kangxi Dynasty, the 208-volume "Biography of the Ming Dynasty", and soon after it was officially published under the name of "Biography of the Ming Shilie of the Hengyun Mountains" (hereinafter referred to as the "Hengyun Draft"). The corresponding part of this book is only slightly different from the Xu Manuscript. The biggest difference is that the Hengyun Manuscript is from volume 8 of Han Lin'er's biography to volume 123 of Huang Keyi's biography, a total of 116 volumes, of which 18 volumes are not contained in the "Xu Draft", including its volume 16 Hu Dahai and other biographies, volume 81 Yao Yi and other biographies, volume 83 Zhai Peng and other biographies, volume 85 Ma Lu and other biographies, volume 87 Zhang Qin and other biographies, volume 88 Feng En and other biographies, volume 89 Zhou Yi and other biographies, volume 90 Ma Yong and other biographies, volume 93 Yang Bo and other biographies, volume 94 Wang Zhi and other biographies, volume 95 Wang Jiaping and other biographies, volume 96 Zhang Siwei and other biographies, Volume 97 Shen Yizong and other biographies, volume 100 Tan Lun and other biographies, volume 104 Zhang Han and other biographies, volume 118 Yang Hao and other biographies, volume 119 Liu Yibang and other biographies, volume 120 Huang Liji and other biographies. However, in addition to these 18 volumes, the remaining 98 volumes are almost exactly the same as the Xu Manuscript from the biography to the inner text, but the corresponding volumes are slightly adjusted in the order of arrangement. For example, the biography of volume 77 of the "Xu Manuscript" is "Yuan Hongyu, Wang Tingzhan, Guo Bao (with Wu Wenhua), Geng Xiangxiang, Wang Qiao, Wei Shiliang (with Chen Zhan), Hao Jie (with Fu Kejian), Zhao Shanlu, Zhang Mengnan, Li Zhen, Xie Jie, Wei Chengfang, Ding Bin, and Xue Sancai (attached to the three provinces)", and there are 18 appended to it. Checking the corresponding volume of the "Hengyun Draft" is volume 102, its biography is only one more appendage "Zi Ken Tang" appended to Wang Qiao's biography than the "Xu Draft", and then checking the text of the biography of the "Xu Draft", there is actually an appendix to Wang Ken Tang, and its biography is not written only as a missing record. The list goes on and on, which shows how little difference there is in the 98 volumes of the two books. Regarding the order of the corresponding volumes of the two, the actual situation is as follows:

Volumes of Xu Draft: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, ×, 09, 10, 11, 12

Volumes of the Horizontal Cloud Manuscript: 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

Volumes 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25

Horizontal Cloud Manuscript Volumes: 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33

Volumes 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38

Volumes 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46

Volumes 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50

Volumes 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59

Volumes 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62

Hengyun Manuscript Volume: 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72

Volumes 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, ×, 71, ×, 72, ×

Volumes 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85

Volumes 73, ×, ×, ×, ×, 74, ×, ×, ×, ×, ×, 75

Horizontal Cloud Manuscript Volumes: 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98

Volumes of Xu Draft: 76, ×, 77, 78, ×, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 84, 85

Volumes 99, 100, 102, 101, 104.105, 103, 106, 108, 109, 112, 110, 111

Volumes of the Xu Draft: 85, 86, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, ×, ×, ×, 91, 92, 93

Volumes of the Yokozuna Manuscript: 107, 113, 91, 115.117, 116, 114, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123

The above 18 "×" symbols indicate that there are biographies in the corresponding volumes of the Hengyun Manuscript but this biography is not included in the Xu Draft. It can be seen from the above that of the 98 volumes of biographies collected in the two books, the first 73 volumes (volumes 1 to 73 of the Xu Manuscript and volumes 8 to 86 of the Hengyun Manuscript) are arranged in exactly the same order, and only the remaining 25 volumes are roughly in the same order. This shows that the two are indeed quite close in sorting each volume.

If the comparison between the Hengyun Draft and the Xu Draft is further expanded, that is, the "Three One Three Books", "Four Eleven Six Books" and the "Fudan Book" are introduced at the same time, and the five books are compared together, the similarities between the two will be further realized.

First of all, both the Xu Draft and the Hengyun Draft attach importance to the conciseness of the text. Take a passage from the Biography of Feng Qi as an example. The text of this passage is "Three One Three Books" in volume 198, "Four Eleven Six Books" in volume 317, "Fudan Ben" in volume 169, "Xu Draft" in volume 75, and "Hengyun Draft" in volume 98.

"Three One Three Books": Thirty years of emperors with a sick edict to stop the mining tax and regret Qi and the same column ensemble please think about it

"416 Books": Thirty years of emperors with a sick edict to stop the mining tax and regret The Qi and the same column ensemble please think about it

"Fudan Ben": Thirty years of emperors with a sick edict to stop the mining tax and regret The Qi and the same column ensemble please think about it

"Xu Draft": Thirty years of emperors have issued a policy of stopping the mining tax, and qi regretted it and the same column and neglected to compete×××

"Hengyun Draft": Thirty years of emperors have issued a decree to stop the mining tax, and the qi who regrets it and the same column are in a ×××

"Three One Three Books": To nourish the gods and calm the mood and anger to nourish the sex of the mine tax cloth favor the world to nourish the blessings and majesty

"416 Books": To nourish the gods and calm the mood and anger to nourish the sex of the mine tax cloth favor the world to nourish the blessings and majesty

"Fudan Ben": To nourish the gods and calm the mood and anger to nourish the sex of the mine tax cloth favor the world to nourish the blessings and majesty

Xu Draft: ×××××××××××××××××××××××××

Horizontal Cloud Draft: ×××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": The Thirty Years of the Imperial Pole invited Fu Tianzu to be very generous and invited to the suburban temple to enjoy the festival to answer the spirit of the celebration

"416 Books": The Lower Imperial Pole Thirty Years Invited Fu Tianzu To Be Generous to The Suburban Temple To Worship and Celebrate with the Answer to the Spirit

"Fudan Ben": The Thirty Years of the Lower Imperial Pole invited Fu Tianzu to be very generous and invited to the suburban temple to worship and celebrate with the answer to the spirit

"Xu Draft": ××××××××××× and please bow to the suburban temple to enjoy the ××××××

"Horizontal Cloud Draft": ××××××××××× and please bow to the suburban temple to enjoy the ××××××

"Three Books of Trinity": The festival order Tatsumi is expected to be admired by the courtiers

"416 Books": The festival orders Tatsumi to be admired by the courtiers

"Fudan Ben": The festival order Tatsumi is expected to be admired by the courtiers

"Xu Draft": The ×××× Imperial Palace was not accepted by the ×××××

Yoko-so:×××× Goten-no-×××××

It can be seen from the above that this text "Three One Three Books", "Four One Six Books", and "Fudan Ben" all share 88 characters, while the "Xu Draft" uses 34 characters, which is 54 words less than the first three, and the "Hengyun Draft" uses the same 34 characters as the "Xu Draft", which shows that both also show the characteristics of pursuing conciseness of writing. It is also worth paying special attention to the fact that the words used in this text in the "Hengyun Draft" are also completely the same as the "Xu Draft", and where the "Xu Draft" is different from the "Three Books of The Three Books", etc., the words used are all the same as the "Xu Draft" and different from the "Three Books of the Three Books". Similar situations abound. This reflects that the words used in the related parts of the two are at least similar.

Checking the "Hengyun Manuscript" is a very rare biography, not from the pursuit of the "Xu Draft" to conciseness, its Huang Keyun biography is like this, which is very similar to the "Three Ones and Three Books" with many words. However, this is for special reasons, such as the fact that there are many words used in his Huang Kejian biography, but Wang Hongxu is not in favor of overly criticizing some people who are opposed or inconsistent with Donglin (this matter is to be further elaborated in a special article, and will not be expanded here). The existence of such a rare phenomenon does not hinder the affirmation of the "Hengyun Draft" in the pursuit of concise text.

Secondly, both the Xu Draft and the Hengyun Draft attach importance to reducing the number of lichuan. As mentioned above, from the volume where the "Biography of Han Lin'er" is located to the volume where the "Biography of Huang Keyi" is located, there are 1667, 1608 and 1633 zhengchuan respectively, and the corresponding part of the "Xu Draft" is only 951, which is 657 to 716 fewer than the "Three Books of Trinity". The corresponding part of the "Hengyun Draft" is counted as 1089 Lichuan, which is 138 more than the "Xu Draft", and 519-578 fewer than the "Three Ones and Three Books". It can be seen that from the perspective of standing biography, the Hengyun Draft and the Xu Draft also belong to the pursuit of conciseness.

From the above discussion, we can draw the following conclusions: the relevant parts of the Hengyun Draft are very similar to the Xu Draft, and the two have the common characteristics of pursuing simplicity. Since the Hengyun Draft was later derived from the Xu Draft, the relevant part of the Hengyun Draft was influenced by the Xu Draft, and even basically inherited from the Xu Draft and changed slightly. As for the way wang Hongxu came into contact with the "Xu Draft", it seems that when Xu Bingyi was appointed president of the "History of Ming" museum in the thirty-ninth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, and asked Shen Chaochu to write a preface to the "Xu Draft" composed by his brother Xu Qianxue, he handed the "Xu Draft" to the "History of Ming" museum, so that Wang Hongxu could read it when writing the "Hengyun Draft".

Liu Chenggan's Compilation of Cases of Ming History [20], volume II, contains Wang Hengyun's "Historical Precedents", which contains an article that says: "The original manuscript of the History Museum has been passed down too much, and it is now deleted to the fourth of its tenths, but it is still not exempt from dividing up the beans. If you preach more, you will see things again, and if you see them again, you will not be vigilant, and the viewer will be tired of yourself. Now if the Heji Zhi is consulted, the column can be cut down, and those that can be combined will not be bothered by the "History of Song" and difficult to read, and the "History of Ming" will also be restored. This article was written from the end of the Kangxi Dynasty to the first year of the Yongzheng Dynasty. [21] From this point of view, Wang Hongxu also has a clear proposition of striving for conciseness, and his proposition should be summed up from his own experience and influenced by Xu Qianxue, and may also have nothing to do with Xu Qianxue; but in any case, it is certain that he and Xu Qianxue have the same views in this regard. In either case, the consistency of this view gave Wang Hongxu the ideological basis for accepting the writing method of the Xu Draft. With this point in mind, we can be more firmly convinced of the conclusion that "the relevant parts of the Hengyun Draft were influenced by the Xu Draft" and even basically inherited from the Xu Draft and had minor changes" proposed above.

As we all know, the existing Yongzheng Yuannian Manuscript (i.e., the Yongzheng Manuscript mentioned above) compiled by Wang Hongxu, and the 162-volume Ming Shilie Manuscript (hereinafter referred to as the "162 Books"), which are the existing transitional texts between the Hengyun Manuscript and the Existing Transitional Manuscript of Jingshentang (hereinafter referred to as the "162 Manuscript"), are the same as the Hengyun Draft, which is from Wang Hongxu's hand, and within the scope of the relevant parts discussed in this article, there is basically no difference between the three, and the difference between the three is extremely small. Therefore, the two books of "One Sixty-Two Books" and "Yongzheng Ben" are as influential as the "Xu Draft" in the relevant parts discussed in this article, and even basically inherit from the "Xu Draft" and have minor changes. In other words, these two books are all among the various drafts of the History of ming that strive to be concise. This is a very easy thing to understand. But in order to gain certainty, I do not shy away from the cumbersome, and the argument is as follows.

Regarding the number of people (chapters) in the relevant parts of the canon, the "One Sixty-Two Books" is 1083 people (in the book eight to volume 123, all 116 volumes), the "Yongzheng Ben" is 1094 people (chapters) (in the book volume 113 to volume 228, all 116 volumes), compared with the "Xu Manuscript", 132 people (chapters), 143 people (chapters), compared with the "Three One Three Books", "Four One Six Books", "Fudan Ben", 525 to 584 people (chapters), 514 to 573 people (chapters), respectively. This shows that in terms of the number of people (chapters) who have established the canon, the "162 Books" and the "Yongzheng Ben" really belong to the same list of conciseness as the "Xu Draft".

Regarding the complexity and simplicity of the relevant part of the text, we can cite a passage of the biography of Wang Kui in each book as an example for comparison. Among them, the "Three One Three Books" are in volume 207, the "Four Eleven Six Books" are in volume 307, the "Fudan Ben" is in volume 159, the "Xu Manuscript" is in volume 76, the "One Sixty-two Books" is in volume 99, and the "Yongzheng Ben" is in volume 204.

"Three One Three Books": When the number of Kou Shu pawns in the Ministry of Time was weak and weak, the army practiced martial arts and bravely and had tens of thousands of elite soldiers with its idle construction of the outer border wall

"416 Books": When the number of Kou Shu pawns in the Ministry of Time was weak and weak, the army practiced martial arts and bravely and had tens of thousands of elite soldiers with its idle construction of the outer border wall

"Fudan Ben": When the number of Kou Shu pawns in the Ministry of Time was weak and weak, the army practiced martial arts and bravely and had tens of thousands of elite soldiers with its idle construction of the outer border wall

Xu Draft: ×××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Sixteen2:××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Yongzheng Ben: ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": Xiaoqinhe Pinghu Zhudun Fort Military Voice Gradually Grew Stronger

"416 Books": Xiaoqinhe Pinghu Zhudun Fort Military Voice Gradually Grew Stronger

"Fudan Ben": Xiaoqinhe Pinghu Zhudun Fort military voice gradually grew stronger

Xu Draft: ××××××××××××

"Sixteen2:××××××××××××

Yongzheng Ben: ××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": His winter thieves committed a large-scale crime against Guo Jiangzhan, the chief military officer of Dingbian Guyuan, and Chen Qixue, the governor of shaanxi

"416 Books": Its winter thieves committed a large-scale crime against Guo Jiangzhan, the chief military officer of Dingbian Guyuan, and chen Qixue, the governor of Shaanxi Province

"Fudan Ben": His winter thieves committed a large-scale crime against Guo Jiangzhan, the chief military officer of Dingbian Guyuan, and Chen Qixue, the governor of Shaanxi Province

"Xu Draft": guo Jiangzhan, the commander-in-chief of the Guyuan Army of Dingbian, ××× Kou Da, did not ××××××× governor Chen Qixue was the governor of Shaanxi

"162 Ben": ××× Kou Da entered the Dingbian Guyuan general Guo Jiang zhan ××××××× governor Chen Qixue was the governor of Shaanxi

"Yongzheng Ben": ××× Kou Da entered the Dingbian Guyuan Commander-in-Chief Guo Jiang was killed in battle××××××× governor Chen Qixue was the governor of Shaanxi

"Three One Three Books": Dai Cai sat free and stopped to patrol according to the imperial history Wen Ruyu column on the wreck reconsideration and the words of the Army Department

"416 Books": Dai Cai sat free and also stopped the patrol according to the Imperial History Wen Ruyu Column on the wreck reconsideration and the words of the Army Department

"Fudan Ben": Dai Cai sat free and also stopped the patrol according to the Imperial History Wen Ruyu Column on the wreck reconsideration and the words of the Army Department

"Xu Draft": Dai Cai sat free of ××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"One Sixty-Two Books": Dai Cai sat free of ××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Yongzheng Ben": Dai Cai sat free of ××××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three Books of Trinity": After the trauma and disability, the Kou who is not guilty of a deep crime is a degrading matter

"416 Books": After the trauma, the Kou who has committed a large-scale crime is not a deep sin, but a degrading matter

"Fudan Ben": After the trauma, the Kou who is not guilty of a great deed is a derogatory matter

"Xu Draft": ××××××××××××× Yi degraded the rank of ××

"One Sixty-Two Books": ××××××××××××× Yi degraded the rank of ××

"Yongzheng Ben": ××××××××××××× Yi degraded a rank of ××

According to the above-mentioned texts, the three books of "Three One Three Books", "Four One Six Books" and "Fudan Ben" are all 128 characters, and the text is the same; the three books of Xu Draft, "One Sixty-Two Books" and "Yongzheng Ben" are all 32 characters, and except for the "no" character of "Xu Draft", the other two books are also "Funeral", and the text is also the same. This shows that in terms of text, the two books of the 162Nd Book and the Yongzheng Ben also inherit the concise characteristics of the Xu Manuscript.

The "Table of History of Zhang Tingyu on the Ming Dynasty" said: "But the "Historical Draft" of the old minister Wang Hongxu has been used by celebrities for thirty years. Enter the Tong Lu and come to the Secret Cabinet. The beginning and end are slightly detailed, and the facts are quite detailed. In the past, the Book of Han was cut from Ma Qian, and the Book of Tang was written by Liu Xun. It is not wrong to be right or wrong, and it is suspected to attack it. It is compiled and used as a first draft. [22] It can be seen that Zhang Tingyu and others wrote the final version of the History of Ming, which was revised on the basis of the Yongzheng Ben. Therefore, whether Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" inherits the concise characteristics of the "Xu Draft" has also become a matter that should be demonstrated.

According to the investigation, Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming", like the "162 Books" and the "Yongzheng Ben", also inherited the characteristics of the "Xu Draft" in terms of striving for conciseness.

Let's look at the number of its canons. In Zha Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming", the biography of Han Lin'er is recorded in volume 122, and the biography of Huang Kemiao is recorded in volume 256. According to the statistics of the number of canonical successors (articles) in a total of 135 volumes from volume 122 to volume 256, it is 1083 people (articles), which is 132 more than the "Xu Manuscript", and 525 (articles) to 584 people (articles) less than the "Three One Three Books", "Four Eleven Six Books", and "Fudan Ben". It can be seen that its number is close to the "Xu Draft" and far from the "Three First and Three Books", in other words, the corresponding part of Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" in the number of Lizheng biographies (chapters), which really belongs to the pursuit of conciseness.

Look at its textual complexity. The corresponding passages of text from the biographies of Liu Yingjie in each book are selected as examples, compared with each other, and listed below. Among them, the "313 Books" are in volume 180, the "416 books" are in volume 314, the "Fudan Ben" is in volume 166, the "Xu Manuscript" is in volume 78, and the "History of Ming" is in volume 220.

"Three One Three Books": And because of the imperial history Fu Mengchun's words that the towns accumulate and store when the abundance of the counting age is often regretted, the army can accumulate millet and fierce years

"416 Books": And because of the imperial history Fu Mengchun's words that the towns accumulate and store when the abundance of the counting of the years is often regretted, the army can accumulate millet and fierce years

"Fudan Ben": And because Yushi Fu Mengchun said that the accumulation of towns should be counted when the abundance of the years is often regretted, the army can accumulate millet and fierce years

"Xu Draft": And because Yushi Fu Mengchun said that the accumulation of towns should be counted× Feng apologized and often folded the color of the army can accumulate millet and fierce years

"History of Ming": And because yushi Fu Mengchun said that the towns should be counted as years× Feng apologized and often folded the color of the army to accumulate millet and fierce years

"Three One Three Books": The natural color of the famine can accumulate silver and Shunyong Erfu grain hundreds of thousands of old levy discount color to the people at a loss of price to resell Yiyin Xiejing

"416 Books": The true color of the famine can accumulate silver and Shunyong Erfu grain hundreds of thousands of old levy folding color to the people at a loss of price reselling Yiyin Xiejing

"Fudan Ben": The natural color of the famine can accumulate silver and Shunyong Erfu grain hundreds of thousands of old levy discount color to the people at a loss of price to resell Yiyin Xiejing

"Xu Draft": The true color of the wilderness can accumulate silver ××××××××××××××××××××××××

"History of Ming": The true color of the wilderness can accumulate silver ××××××××××××××××××××××××

"Three One Three Books": And the true color is both lacking and increasing the price, summoning merchants to buy and please correct everything

"Four-one-six books": And the true color is both lacking and increasing the price, summoning merchants to buy and ask for all corrections

"Fudan Ben": And the true color is both lacking and increasing the price of the merchant to buy please correct everything

Xu Draft: ××××××××××××××××××

History of the Ming Dynasty: ××××××××××××××××××

It can be seen from the above that the "Three One Three Books", "Four One Six Books", and "Fudan Ben" all share 83 characters, and the words used are exactly the same, while Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" only uses 40 characters, which is the same as the "Xu Draft" in terms of the number of words used and the words used. It can be seen that Zhang Tingyu's "History of Ming" is also in the pursuit of refinement in terms of the number of words used in the "Xu Draft".

From the above discussion, it can be seen that the "History of Ming" and the seven existing main drafts "Three One Three Books", "Four Eleven Six Books", "Fudan Ben", "Xu Draft", "Hengyun Draft", "162 Ben" and "Yongzheng Ben" are divided from the perspective of complexity and simplicity of the content and text, and are actually divided into two categories; one is the rich and prosperous books, including "Three One Three Books", "Four Eleven Six Books" and "Fudan Ben"; one is a concise version, including "Xu Draft", "Hengyun Draft", "One Sixty-Two Books", "Yongzheng Ben" and "Ming History". In the condensed version, the pioneer is the "Xu Draft", and the others are their successors and promoters. After the publication of the "History of Ming", it has always been praised for its conciseness. Zhao Yiyun: "In modern history, in addition to Ouyang Gong's "History of the Five Dynasties", the "History of Liao" is brief, the "History of Song" is complicated, and the "History of Yuan" is sloppy, but the "History of Jin" is elegant and clean, the narrative is concise, and it is slightly considerable. However, there is no such thing as the "History of Ming". [23] The history of the Ming Dynasty was praised, and Xu Qian, the author of the Xu Draft, learned and made meritorious contributions. "Xu Draft" is the pioneer of zhang Tingyu's concise style of "History of Ming" with a worldwide reputation, and Xu Qianxue's position in the history of historiography cannot be ignored.

About author:Nan Bingwen is a distinguished professor at the School of Social Development of Langfang Normal University and a senior professor at Nankai University, whose research direction is Ming history.

[1] (Qing) Han Zhao: "Youhuaitang Anthology", vol. 18, "Senior Political Master Jing Feast Lecture Official Punishment Department Shangshu Xu Gongxing", Kangxi Forty-two Years Inscribed.

[2] (Qing) Han Zhao: "Youhuaitang Anthology", vol. 18, "Senior Political Master Jing Feast Lecture Official Punishment Department Shangshu Xu Gongxing".

[3] (Qing) Yong Yao et al.: General Catalogue of the Siku Quanshu, vol. 20, Jingbu, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1965 edition, p. 168.

[4] (Qing) Han Zhao: "Youhuaitang Anthology", vol. 18, "Senior Political Master Jing Feast Lecture Official Punishment Department Shangshu Xu Gongxing".

[5] (Qing) Yong Yao et al.: "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries", vol. 47, Zizhi Tongjian Hou, p. 431.

[6] (Qing) Han Zhao: "Youhuaitang Anthology", vol. 18, "Senior Political Master Jing Feast Lecture Official Punishment Department Shangshu Xu Gongxing".

[7] (Qing) Han Zhao: "Youhuaitang Anthology", vol. 18, "Senior Political Master Jing Feast Lecture Official Punishment Department Shangshu Xu Gongxing".

[8] (Qing) Han Zhao: "Youhuaitang Anthology", vol. 18, "Senior Political Master Jing Feast Lecture Official Punishment Department Shangshu Xu Gongxing".

[9] Xu Qianxue: "Danyuan Anthology", vol. 10, "Preparation of Chen Xiushu Matters", Kangxi Guanshan Hall Print.

[10] See Nan Bingwen, "One of the Temptations of Zhang Tingyu's Important Draft of the History of Ming", Journal of Historiography, No. 3, 2016. The original erroneous book of "Gengchen" is Kangxi Jiachen, that is, Kangxi Three Years.

[11] Han Fangzhuo: "Preface", Xu Qianxue: "History of Ming", vol. ed., Qu Wanli, editor:"Ming Dynasty Historical Collection", Taipei Student Bookstore, 1969 edition.

[12] Daoguang's Chronicle of the Two Counties of Kunxin, vol. 21, reads: "(Xu Bingyi) Chong Gengchen (Kangxi Thirty-Ninth Year) Temple Trial Reading Volume Official, Seeking the President of the Ming History." ”

[13] Xu Qianxue: History of the Ming Dynasty, vol. ed., Edited by Qu Wanli: A Collection of Ming Dynasty Historical Records.

[14] See Nan Bingwen, "One of the Temptations of Xu's Important Draft of Zhang Tingyu's History of Ming", Journal of Historiography, No. 3, 2016.

[15] Zou Fubao: "The Biography of Zou Jun's Family in the Hanlin Academy", Cao Yunyuan: "The Continuation of the Restoration", vol. III, 1922 edition.

[16] Volume 108 of the Draft History of the Qing Dynasty, Electoral Chronicle III, records that the Qing Dynasty township examination was conducted from the ninth to the fifteenth day of the first month of August, according to which it was calculated.

[17] Han Fangzhuo: Preface, Xu Qianxue: History of the Ming Dynasty, vol. ed., Qu Wanli, Editor-in-Chief: A Collection of Historical Records of the Ming Dynasty.

[18] Its other version is called the Ming History Manuscript.

[19] (Qing) Fang Bao: "The Collected Writings of Mr. Fang Wangxi", vol. 12 "Table of the Tomb of Wan Jiye", Xianfeng 2nd Year Dai Junheng Engraving.

[20] Xu Shu, ed., Compilation of Supplementary Literature on the History of the Ming Dynasty, Beijing Library Publishing House, 2004.

[21] Because the text contains the words "Kangxi Fifty-nine Years, Aged in Gengzi, Deceased Friend Zhu Zhuyuan Zhongsun Jiaweng with the "Bamboo Yuan Manuscript" to see the will", and according to Zhang Boxing's "Zhengyitang Sequel" volume Seven Wang Hongxu Epitaph (Tongzhi 5th year Fuzhou Zhengyi Academy carved the "Zhengyitang Complete Book"), which records that Wang Hongxu died on August 15 of the first year of Yongzheng.

[22] The Appendix to the History of Ming, Zhang Yanyu's List of Ming History, Zhonghua Bookstore, 1974, p. 8630.

[23] (Qing) Zhao Yi: The Twenty-Second Chronicle of history, vol. 31, History of Ming, Commercial Press, 1958, p. 659.

Originally published in The Collected Works of History, No. 2, 2018.

Read on