Preterm infants are defined as gestational age less than 37 weeks
Babies with a birth weight of less than 2500 g
Due to immature development
Most require a neonatal unit
Care for days, even months
When the baby overcomes many difficulties
When you can finally follow Mom and Dad home
Parents began to scramble
Face the petite and thin angel
Parents are often overwhelmed
We invite you today
Beijing Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital
Pediatricians Du Yanyan and Chao Shuang
Tell the parents of premature babies
What to pay attention to when taking care of the little angels
First of all, two concepts of popular science
Corrective monthly age
Since babies are born early, moms can't compare babies to full-term babies born at the same time.
Corrected age is the age calculated from the starting point of gestational age of 40 weeks (expected date of delivery), the calculation formula: corrected month age = [actual age - (40 - number of birth weeks)/ 4], that is to say, to make up for 40 weeks and then calculate Oh!
For example, if a premature baby at 32 weeks is actually 3 months old, the 8 weeks of supplementation are removed, and the corrected monthly age is 1 month.
Catch-up growth
Due to the baby's premature birth, certain pathological factors hinder it can lead to growth retardation, once these obstacles are removed, the baby will grow faster and quickly approach the original growth indicators, and the best catch-up period is the first year after birth, especially the first 6 months.
How to care for premature babies
Pay attention to the temperature. The room temperature needs to be maintained at 24-26 ° C, humidity is 55%-65%, ventilation of the room for at least 20 minutes a day, ventilation to carry the baby to other rooms, after closing the window room temperature recovery and then bring the baby back.
Your baby's body temperature should be maintained at 36-37°C.
The baby's bath time is preferably 1 hour before and after feeding, the ambient temperature is 26-28 ° C, and the water temperature is 38-40 ° C.
Weigh weight regularly, with a fixed daily weight measurement before feeding.
Touch selection is performed 1-2 hours after breastfeeding when awake, which can promote the baby's intellectual development and reduce crying, while abdominal massage can promote the baby's digestion.
Pay attention to hand cleaning before touching the baby, disinfect the milk utensils, and try to limit the visiting guests to avoid infection.
How to feed premature babies
In case of adequate amount of breast milk
Breast milk has a special biological effect on preterm infants, is the preferred feeding method for preterm babies, but premature babies need to complete catch-up growth after birth, breast milk is often difficult to meet the baby's nutritional needs, so gestational age < 34 weeks, birth weight < 2000g of premature babies need to add breast milk fortification agent (can only be added to breast milk, can not be prepared alone or added to formula) to increase the nutrition in breast milk, from full to half of the strengthening, and finally stop strengthening after reaching the catch-up goal.
In case of insufficient amount of breast milk
Preterm formula: Equivalent to the energy of full enhancement of breast milk, to meet the lack of breast milk and the need for intensive treatment of premature babies.
Preterm formula after discharge: equivalent to half a amount of energy to strengthen breast milk, some premature babies after completing a certain catch-up growth, to avoid excessive catch-up of various indicators, thereby reducing the amount of formula milk that must be able to be achieved.
Infant formula: Milk powder that is generally needed for infant growth.
The general rules are: breast milk + preterm formula breast milk + preterm infant post-discharge formula breast milk + ordinary formula
The timing of the transition, whether breast milk is direct or post-intensive feeding, need to be decided by a professional doctor according to the baby's situation and the amount of breast milk.
Complementary foods added
Generally corrected months of age 4-6 months can be gradually added under the guidance of the doctor semi-solid food, the principle of addition and term children, from one to many, from less to more, from rare to thick, Bao Mom needs to pay attention to observe the tolerance of various foods, step by step to add.
Supplement nutrients reasonably
vaccination
The vaccines that need to be vaccinated after birth are hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine, but some premature babies cannot be vaccinated immediately due to low birth weight, unstable vital signs and the impact of medication during treatment.
BCG can be vaccinated when your baby's vital signs are stable, the corrected gestational age is > 37 weeks, and the weight reaches 2.5 kg. Premature babies born to hepatitis B virus antigen-negative mothers with stable vital signs and a weight ≥ 2000 g can be vaccinated against hepatitis B.
Subsequent immunization levels can be assessed by a paediatrician and given at the same age as the immunization schedule for term infants.
Follow
It is important for premature babies, especially high-risk premature babies, to have regular follow-up to a neonatal specialist clinic, including monitoring of physical development indicators, monitoring of neurobehavioral development, follow-up of ophthalmology and hearing, identification and treatment of system-related complications and developmental disorders, and counseling for parents.
Source: Department of Pediatrics, Tsinghua Changgeng Hospital, Beijing, Du Yanyan, Chao Shuang
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