The Red Women's Army is majestic, defending the country against the invaders; the true archetype of the character is even more legendary, composing a great chapter of patriots.
Today, I will tell you the story of the great work "Red Detachment of Women" and the prototype of its protagonist, Wu Qionghua, who returned home to farm after five years of arrest and would rather die than marry the Japanese army.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > extremely excellent work, the memory of a generation of Chinese people</h1>
In 1957, a propagandist in the Hainan Military Region unearthed the prototype of the "Red Women's Army" and published an article called "The Red Women's Army" in the official media.
In 1958, a creator of the Chinese People's Liberation Army named Liang Xin combined the article and a large number of stories to write the original script of "The Red Detachment of Women", which was adapted into a film in 1962 and received unanimous praise from the audience;
The "Red Detachment of Women" really became popular all over the world in 1964 when it was adapted into a ballet.
Even today, on the other side of the ocean, the Kirk Theater in New York, the United States, still has the scene of "The Red Detachment of Women" after its release.
Liang Xin
Why is "Red Detachment of Women" loved by audiences at home and abroad?
An American artist once analyzed the expression of the dance: "This story of revolution and revenge is extremely expressive, using the language of heroism and abstract realism in ballet. ”
Everyone's love for "Red Detachment of Women" comes from the familiar plot story that conforms to the revolutionary spirit:
Wu Qionghua was forced to be humiliated in the Nanba Tianfu, and she repeatedly tried to escape, but it was difficult to succeed.
Fortunately, she met Hong Changqing, a Red Army cadre disguised as a Chinese businessman, and Xiao Pang, a correspondent, who was rescued by the two, and went to Coconut Grove Village under the leadership of Hong Changqing to join the Red Girl Scout Army.
Wu Qionghua overcame her shortcomings of strong sense of revenge, unorganization and undisciplinedness, and rapidly increased her ability in the struggle.
In Qiongya, in order to liberate all of China, the Red Army and the kuomintang regular army exchanged fierce fire.
Unfortunately, the party representative Hong Changqing was unfortunately captured as a cover for the main troops.
To avoid intelligence leaks, he died heroically in the fire.
Grief-stricken, Qionghua succeeded as a party representative, led the main force of the Red Army, liberated coconut grove village, killed the local bully Nan Batian, and avenged Hong Changqing.
So, is there a realistic basis for this magnificent revolutionary ballet? What is the archetype of its character?
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > behind the screen: a tragic song to defend the country</h1>
In fact, both Wu Qionghua and the Red Women's Scout Army have real historical prototypes.
There are records of them in the history of the Party, but only thirty words are understated:
"There is a female soldier company under the Qiongya Independent Division of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and the whole company has one hundred and twenty people."
However, behind these thirty words, there is a story that can be sung and wept.
The name Wu Qionghua is derived from her real prototype - Pang Qionghua, also called "Qionghua".
Wu Qionghua
This Pang Qionghua, on the other hand, was a great Communist Party member, proletarian revolutionary, and partisan fighter of the Red Army, who made immortal contributions to the struggle for democratic liberation in Hainan.
In 1911, Pang Qionghua was born into a poor peasant family in Qionghai City, Hainan Province.
Like most ordinary people in old China, her family was also struggling in the quagmire of life, often eating and eating, while the local landlords and Kuomintang officials were looting the people's fat and people's cream one by one, and their oil heads were full of oil.
At that time, Hainan was under the rule of these big landlords and big bourgeoisie, and the local people did not have a good life, so a large number of young and middle-aged laborers fled to Nanyang to seek life opportunities, and there was no news for decades;
Most of the women do not have the physical fitness to work hard, and can only stay at home to take care of the family and the young, barely maintaining their own lives.
More than a decade after Pang Qionghua was born, some young adults who went to Nanyang, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places to work returned to the poor and remote area of Hainan Island.
Why are these men back?
It turned out that they had come into contact with Marxism during their labor and joined the Communist Party for the sake of ideological emancipation and class struggle, and at the party's request, these people decided to return to their hometown and lead the local people to turn themselves into masters.
Pang Qionghua
Among them were Wang Wenming, a fellow villager in the same county as Pang Qionghua, the vanguard leader of the revolution in Hainan, and Pang Qionghua's brother Pang Longxiang.
When pang Qionghua, who was ignorant and ignorant when she was a child, listened to her brother talk about the theory of proletarian revolution, about the Paris Commune in France, and about the October Revolution in Russia, she knew:
It turns out that those landlords who eat people and do not spit bones can be overthrown by poor peasants, and peasants can also be their own masters.
So at the age of 16, she joined the Young Pioneers of Hainan.
When Pang Qionghua was four years old, in order to make her life a living, her family tried to help her and a rich peasant family in the next village set up a doll.
Due to the other party's family reasons, Pang Qionghua believed that the two sides were not in harmony, and in the face of each other's desperate pursuit, Pang Qionghua decided to run away from home directly, live with the revolutionary team, and devote herself to revolutionary activities.
A year later, she joined the Communist Youth League and was sent to work for the Women's Federation.
In 1930, she joined the Red Army and followed guerrilla forces to engage the enemy on the battlefield.
In 1931, in view of the small number of young and middle-aged laborers in Hainan who could participate in the revolution, and the women were suffering class oppression at home, the party organization in Qiongya decided to call on women to work with men to contribute to the cause of liberation.
After the announcement was issued everywhere, nearly 600 women from poor families came to register, and after screening, 100 women appeared at the closing ceremony of the Third Congress of Workers, Peasants, and Soldiers in Hainan, announcing the formation of the "Red Women's Army Company", which is the predecessor of the "Red Women's Army" in the movie.
Pang Qionghua was appointed company commander for her brilliant performance in the revolutionary battle last year.
Two months later, the team was renamed the "Women's Army Special Agent Company of the Third Regiment of the Second Independent Division of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army", and the "Red Women's Army" was officially established.
An organized female soldier unit is neither a literary and labor corps, nor a condolence regiment, nor a medical soldier, but a living force fighting the enemy with a gun, which is extremely rare in the history of world wars, and this also reflects the difficulty of the new-democratic revolution in our country and the greatness of those women who have stepped forward.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > made a battle achievement, and the name shook Hainan</h1>
The "Red Women's Army" can be put on the screen, which naturally has made great achievements.
As soon as this army was established, it quickly threw itself into ideological education and combat training, and while training and studying, it also played an important role in revolutionary propaganda and defending the central organs.
In June 1931, Chen Guiyuan, the "deputy commander of the suppression of bandits" in the Hainan region, led a Kuomintang armed force, and five hundred people carrying long guns and short cannons went straight to the revolutionary base area to sweep up the local guerrilla troops.
Upon learning of the news, the Qiongya Party organization decided to take advantage of the other side's lack of tactical understanding to carry out a lure and annihilation of the enemy.
The Red Detachment of Women, who had been on the battlefield for the first time, volunteered to take part in the battle, and their superiors decided to let the unit carry out the most difficult task of luring the enemy into the encirclement.
Therefore, according to the plan, the main force deliberately bluffed to another place, and only then did they go out and ambush in the small woods near the base area.
The Kuomintang army really thought that the large troops had already gone to the building and the opportunity to attack had arrived, so they hastily divided into two roads and set out for the base area.
At this moment, the Red Lady Scout Army, which had detected the enemy divided in two, set up a blockade on the only way for Chen Guiyuan's army to attack.
When the enemy passed through this place, the Women's Army fired a loud gunfire and engaged the enemy head-on; the enemy was outnumbered, and the Women's Army quickly retreated.
The enemy did not know what the plan was, had to completely annihilate this small unit, did not contact the other troops, and followed the Women's Army all the way alone, but fell into the encirclement of the main force without mistake.
Seeing the situation, the main force quickly shrunk the encirclement and launched an ambush.
When the enemy saw the enemy on all sides, he was frightened and confused, and suffered heavy casualties, so he had to tie his hands and capture them, and the battle ended in less than an hour.
The other enemy only heard the sound of gunfire, did not know the situation, dared to come to the rescue, and directly fled back to the nearby stronghold.
In this battle, Chen Guiyuan, the "deputy commander of the bandits," was captured alive, and a large number of guns, ammunition, and military food were captured, and not a single casualty was inflicted on the Niangzi Army.
Since then, the name of the Red Women's Scout Army has shaken Hainan and written a legendary story in the history of the Chinese revolution.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fate is uncertain and does not lose one's ambition</h1>
After that battle, the Girl Scout Army was still not idle, and still made great achievements in the next few small battles.
But the good times were short-lived.
In 1932, the Kuomintang army sent a large force to encircle and suppress the base area, and in a breakout battle, Pang Qionghua and several female soldiers were unfortunately arrested and imprisoned.
Photo of Pang Qionghua's arrest
In prison, the women's army was severely tortured by the enemy, but they all endured it, vowing to die and not revealing the party's secrets to the enemy.
Several of the detachments were executed by the enemy for their indomitability and spent the last of their lives in prison.
Pang Qionghua was one of the luckiest ones, she endured a five-year prison sentence strongly, coinciding with the cooperation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1937, and as required, Pang Qionghua, who was a member of the Communist Party, was released.
However, five years later, the Girl Scout Army had been forced to disintegrate three years ago due to heavy losses, and she could not contact the party organization, so she had to go home to farm.
During her farming career, she married a local scholar and lived together.
However, the calm days were soon broken by the Japanese invasion, and the oppression of the Japanese was even worse than that of the Kuomintang reactionaries and landlords.
According to the old tradition of the Japanese army invading China, the Japanese also had to support the second devil in the Hainan region, and Pang Qionghua's husband, as a well-known local scholar, was forced to do things for the Japanese.
Pang Qionghua's husband, Gao Fengliangjie, was unwilling to serve the invaders and was brutally killed by the Japanese army; the Japanese officer who killed his husband, seeing Pang Qionghua's outstanding appearance, wanted to marry him, but Pang Qionghua swore to die and fled into the mountains, but was captured by the Japanese army.
This time, the Japanese were so angry that they directly killed Pang Qionghua on the spot, at the age of 31.
The movie of the Red Detachment of Women makes our blood boil, but the ending of the story behind it is not good, which makes people sigh.