Phenological journal: the great cold, the cold of the three friends of the old and the new

In the twenty-four solar terms, if you take Lichun as the first year, the winter ugly moon that ushers in today is the last breath of the ugly year, and it is also the coldest time of the year, which is called the "cold season" in ancient times. Fifteen days later, it is the beginning of the new year.

Winter season to raise, when the cold years must pay more attention to keep warm, especially in the cold and humidity of Jiangnan, diet and living, "hot pot, scarf, warm baby" these three new "cold three friends" is indispensable. On Weibo, I also saw a food blogger jokingly saying: "Roasted sweet potatoes, sugar fried chestnuts and rock sugar gourds can always easily capture us in winter. There are also various versions of "three friends of the cold year" such as snow boots, down jackets, masks, etc., but what is the traditional three friends of the year, young people do not care much.

The Zhejiang Lishui poet Jiang Teli during the Southern Song Dynasty wrote in the poem "Daotang with Plum Knot Screen": "The three friends of the cold year should be known to the king, and they are no more beautiful than all the flowers and children." Quite love maple but high ancient, just feel entangled in the strange. How to use brocade as a barrier, dashing must add dew as a curtain. However, the Daoist people are troubled, please look at the poems of Xi Xian. ”

The traditional theory of "pine, bamboo, and plum" as the three friends of the year han began when and who is difficult to examine, and the poetry and painting works with the theme of the three friends of the year han began in the Song Dynasty.

The inscription of this issue is the Southern Song Dynasty painter Zhao Mengjian's "Three Friends of the Year", there are currently two paintings handed down, one is a fan painting, now in the Shanghai Museum, the inscription is another album picture hidden in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, the picture is pine, bamboo, plum blossom three kinds of plants folded into bundles of paper ink and pencil realistic. Liu Kezhuang, a famous poet at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, said in his poem "Ten Stacks": "The son of heaven seals Song as an official, and Xiangjun restores the peace of bamboo." The plum blossoms are not disturbed at all, and the three friends are cold alone. "Pine, the length of a hundred trees, has an indestructible integrity backbone." According to legend, Wu Zetian sealed the song sanpin official rank in Songshan, and the poem "Tianzi fengsong as an official" refers to this allusion. Etiquette. Ritual Vessels say: "As there is a bamboo arrow, such as a pine and cypress has a heart." The two live in the world's big end, so through the four hours do not change Ke Yiye. ”

In the 1980s, Shanghai Cao Sugong Ink Factory used Chen Yishi's poem "Heavy snow presses green pine, green pine is straight and straight, you must know that the pine is high and clean, and stay until the snow melts." "Making a wat of ink for the subject has become a collection of pen and ink collectors in the study room."

Bamboo, with virtuous integrity, Bai Juyi's "Record of Raising Bamboo" wrote: "Bamboo is like a sage, what is it?" Bamboo is solid, solid with tree virtue, and when a gentleman sees his roots, he thinks of the good and does not pull up. Bamboo nature is straight, straight to stand, and when a gentleman sees his nature, he thinks of those who are neutral and do not rely on it. The bamboo heart is empty, the emptiness is the tao, and when a gentleman sees his heart, he thinks of the void receiver. Bamboo knot virginity, chastity to aspire, gentlemen see its festival, then think of the name of the deeds, the same as the danger. Zheng Xie, one of the Eight Monsters of Yangzhou, is famous for writing bamboo, and his poem "Bamboo Stone" says: "Firmly believe that the green mountains do not relax, and the roots are in the broken rocks." Thousands of grinding blows are still strong, and Ren'er's east, west, south and north winds are strong. "The tenacity of bamboo is portrayed vividly.

Plum blossom, is the first of the top ten famous flowers in China, in the cold, the first to bloom a hundred flowers, the only world and spring, the aroma is clear, high and elegant, representing the gentleman's self-love of the lonely atmosphere. The Tang Dynasty poet Cui Daorong Yongmei said: "There is no rhyme in the incense, and the Qingji does not know the cold." The modern scholar Yu Yiyun praised in the "Poetry Of Shallow Sayings": "The first sentence writes the fragrance of plum, and the second sentence writes the character of plum, which is enough to high pressure and flowers." The Ming Dynasty Zhou Jue's "Tang Poetry Selection Pulse Will Pass commentary" praises Cui Daorong's "Plum Blossom" poem: "Mei is the leader of Baihui, the rhyme is clear and fragrant, light and lonely, and the most humorous." Tang Dynasty chants are rare. The first four sentences of this article have exhausted the original appearance of Mei's bones. The last four sentences, with affection for Mei, expressed the meaning of love. The country is not a lonely man, and the one who has mercy on the talent can be said and written. ”

This traditional three friends of the cold year are the ancients borrowing things to speak and write, sending things lyrically, bathing in the spirit of bone qi, solar terms, and clear qi, and at the beginning of the year, nourishing the soul and storing spiritual energy to welcome the arrival of the new year. Today, when we are sticking warm babies, wrapping scarves, eating baked sweet potatoes, sugar gourds, fried chestnuts and hot pots, don't forget that the traditional three friends of the cold year are precious spiritual food that condenses the cultural energy of thousands of years, which can warm the heart and nourish the soul.

Source: Thoughtful Shanghai