Onsay Grand Canyon.
Photographed by Yang Shuobi, a reporter of this newspaper
The Zaqu River in the upper reaches of the Lancang River.
Xiang Taulam is feeding red deer.
This newspaper reporter Jia Fengfeng photographed
Core reading
The vicissitudes of the river are rushing and the scenery is endless. From ecological environment governance to species protection and green development, the people on both sides of the Lancang River guard the health of the Mother River with diligence and wisdom. The reporter of this newspaper waded down the mountain and down the river, recorded the beauty of the Lancang River with a pen and lens, and told the moving changes that took place on both sides of the Lancang River.
Depart from the source of the Lancang River.
Wading through mountains and rivers, descending along the river, and traveling through eight counties and cities in the two provinces and regions of Qinghai and Tibet - "2021 Lancang-Mekong Wanli Trip" large-scale interview activities, the reporter measured the length of the Lancang River with his footsteps, and recorded the new appearance of the pastoral countryside with pens and lenses.
Along the way, the most profound feeling is that the great rivers are not only water systems, but also flowing roots and rushing blood. On both sides of the Lancang River, the local people use diligence, wisdom and perseverance to care for the health and sustainability of the Mother River, and write a chapter of harmonious development between man and nature.
Source treatment, weaving a protection network of valley rivers
In the middle of winter, walking into the Angsai Grand Canyon in Zaduo County, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province, the mountains on both sides are undulating, and the rushing Lancang River is like a jade belt, winding eastward.
Zaduo is the first county at the source of the Lancang River. "The Grand Canyon has an average altitude of more than 4,000 meters and is the core area for the protection of the lancang river's headwaters." Ni Ga, director of the Ecological Environment and Natural Resources Management Bureau of the Lancang Jiangyuan Park Management Committee of Sanjiangyuan National Park, could not hide his pride. In the entire Sanjiangyuan area, such vertical vegetation landform landscapes presented from top to bottom by bare rock glaciers, alpine meadow grasslands, shrubs, round Berlin, and wetland rivers are really rare, and the scenery is extremely beautiful.
Bumping along the river for more than two hours, the reporter came to Niandu Village, deep in the canyon. A Tibetan robe, wearing a felt hat, this is the ecological steward Lega. In 2016, the pilot system of Sanjiangyuan National Park was officially launched, and Lega became one of the first batch of certified ecological stewards. In the Lancang Jiangyuan Park, there are more than 7,700 ecological stewards like him.
"In the past, the whole family lived by herding cattle, but now I am an ecological steward, and I can earn more than 20,000 yuan a year." Talking about work, Lega opened the conversation box. Pointing to the mountains in the distance, he said: "The grasslands on the mountains are divided into a grid, and each ecological steward must patrol the landscapes, forests, grasses and wildlife resources in the area of responsibility, and also supervise the grassland facilities, degraded grassland treatment and other projects." ”
After taking Lega's words, Ni Ga snapped his fingers and calculated carefully: "We have set up three-level organizations of township management and protection stations, village-level management and protection teams, and management and protection detachments, set up 19 management and protection brigades and 64 management and protection detachments, implemented a daily fixed-point patrol and a centralized patrol system every 15 days, and basically formed a gridded ecological management and protection system of points, lines, and surfaces. ”
In 2016, the management committee of Lancang Jiangyuan Park was formally established, through the unified registration of natural resources such as water flow, forests, wetlands, mountains, grasslands, wastelands, tidal flats, wild animals, mineral resources and other natural resources in the park, the bottom number of natural resources in the park was further clarified, and then centralized and unified management was implemented; at the same time, the ecological protection management responsibilities originally scattered in forestry, land, environmental protection, water conservancy, agriculture and animal husbandry and other departments were uniformly assigned to the park management committee, breaking the artificial division between various types of protected areas and functional divisions. The drawbacks of separate administration, block management, and mutual non-integration have enhanced the integrity, connectivity and coordination of the governance of the source of the Lancang River. Today, the vegetation is more dense and the wetlands are revitalized.
More profound changes occur in the habits of many people. "For the villagers, garbage sorting is no longer an unfamiliar word, but a habitual way of life. We, the ecological stewards, also actively participate in environmental governance, through the new model of household sorting, village collection, township transfer, and county treatment, to ensure that garbage does not land, go out and sort. Le Ga said proudly.
Species protection, allowing wild animals to live freely
As the flagship species of the Tibetan Plateau, the snow leopard is also one of the important indicators to test the health of the plateau ecosystem. The gray fur is thick and dense, the black spots add to the concealment, and the inaccessible snow mountain glaciers make the snow leopard quite mysterious to the outside world. However, in Zaduo, with the increase of ecological protection efforts, the once rare snow leopard has become more and more common.
"In recent years, we have deployed nearly 100 infrared cameras in the Grand Canyon of Angsai and taken tens of thousands of snow leopard photos, including thousands of high-quality ones." Mou Yonghong, director of the Planning and Finance Department of the Lancang Jiangyuan Park Management Committee of Sanjiangyuan National Park, introduced that according to observations, in addition to snow leopards, golden leopards, brown bears and other carnivores appear frequently, at the same time, the population of large and medium-sized ungulate herbivores such as white-lipped deer and rock sheep remains stable, which marks the continuous improvement of the ecology of Lancang Jiangyuan Park.
Wildlife is on the rise, but so is the harm to livestock. To this end, the local government has set up relevant insurance funds to establish a compensation mechanism for wildlife injuries in accordance with the procedures of auditor investigation and evidence collection, management team determination of losses, management team review and screening, whole village publicity and cash compensation.
In the Changdu-like Uqi Red Deer National Nature Reserve in the Tibet Autonomous Region, the old Tibetan aunt was full of love to Qiulam and issued a long call to the grass mountain. After a while, herds of red deer came from between the valleys. The old aunt sprinkled salt and coriander roots on the ground, and the red deer enjoyed them to the fullest. At the age of 15, Xiang Thium accidentally rescued 3 injured wild red deer. Since then, every autumn and winter, she will prepare food for the red deer at the foot of the mountain. In the blink of an eye, it has been 48 years.
Today, Xiang Qiulam has retired from her position as a wildlife protector, and the story of her protection of red deer continues - Xiang Qiulam's sons Bai Ma Zeren and Ren Qing Ze Pei have already worked at the reserve management station, took over their mother's class, and began to guard the red deer.
In 1993, the local area established the Wuqi Autonomous Region-level Red Deer Nature Reserve. By 2005, the reserve had been upgraded to a national nature reserve. At present, there are more than 3,000 wild red deer in the protected area, an increase of 60% over 2005.
Good scenery brings good conditions to the villagers
Early in the morning, in the Danronggou Ecotourism Resort in Daqiao Village, Nangqian County, Qinghai Province, Anwan Zameizheng, secretary of the village party branch, and villagers were busy renovating the parking lot, and although the weather was cold, they were busy sweating. "There are not many tourists at the moment, so we have to hurry up and solve the parking problem, so that it will be more convenient for tourists to come in the future." AwanZame said.
New glass boardwalks, unique wooden houses, wooden boardwalks winding through the mountains... The resort area attracts tourists from all over the world. It's hard to imagine that just five or six years ago, it was a small mountain village that was "uninhabited".
Backed by mountains, facing the river and next to the national highway, Daqiao Village is strategically located. But for a long time, the villagers could only watch the traffic pass by. Daqiao Village is above 3700 meters above sea level, limited by natural conditions, in the past, most of the villagers engaged in traditional agricultural and animal husbandry production, a single industrial structure restricted the pace of villagers to get rid of poverty and increase income.
"We have a good geographical location here, as well as primitive forests and ancient villages, and we have to find a way to let tourists who pass through the national highway come to play." After Anwan Zamei became the secretary of the party branch, he has been thinking about how to "show" a good ecology. A few years ago, Awan Zamei led a group of village party branches and some active villagers to investigate and plan many times, actively applied, won more than 3 million yuan of tourism poverty alleviation funds, and built an eco-tourism resort.
Following the boiling voices, the reporter climbed the steps along the wooden boardwalk and climbed the glass viewing platform - behind him, a trickle of clear water was flowing down from the top of the mountain, bringing a hint of coolness; in front of him, the mountains with ice-eroded landforms were steep and steep, changing scenery step by step, sometimes majestic and tall, sometimes as if they were about to be poured over... According to Awan Zamei, the village uses a combination of traditional and modern craftsmanship to build a viewing boardwalk, a glass viewing platform, a tent camp, etc. on the basis of protecting the ecological environment, to create a boutique tourism route. "It is necessary to let tourists experience the scenery without destroying the environment." The beautiful landscapes and rivers along the Lancang River are the 'golden rice bowls' of our Daqiao villagers. Awanzame said.
In recent years, with the in-depth implementation of the project of returning grazing land to grassland, various localities have dug deep into ecological resources and developed eco-tourism, and along the Lancang River, more and more villages like Daqiao Village have eaten eco-tourism meals.
(Reporters Yang Shuobi, Wang Mei and Liu Yurui participated in the writing)