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Parents are worried
I am afraid that my child will be infected with norovirus
This sounds a bit strange to the virus
Is it really scary?
Is it contagious?
How to prevent it effectively?
What is norovirus?
Norovirus, also known as novak virus, spreads rapidly and has a short immune protection time, and can be infected in people of all ages. Although norovirus is susceptible to the entire population, children are at high risk. Babies only need to eat 10 to 100 norovirus particles to develop the disease, which is equivalent to one percent of droplets.
Norovirus genes are diverse and mutate rapidly, and the same person can be repeatedly infected with the same strain or different types of norovirus. Norovirus infection occurs throughout the year, and from October to March of the following year, it is the high incidence of norovirus infectious diarrhea. The incubation period is mostly 24 to 48 hours, the shortest is 12 hours, and the longest is 72 hours.
Symptoms of norovirus infection
Once infected with norovirus, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea can occur. Vomiting is common in children, and diarrhea is frequent in adult patients, diarrhea 4 to 8 times in 24 hours, stool is thin watery or watery stool, no mucus pus and blood. In addition, symptoms such as headache, chills, and muscle pain may occur, and in severe cases, dehydration may occur. Norovirus infection is self-limiting and usually lasts 2 to 3 days.
Routes of transmission of norovirus
Norovirus may be transmitted through food, water, goods, and air contaminated with the virus, or in direct contact with a patient infected with norovirus.
Shellfish such as oysters, clams, and scallops are "high-risk foods" that carry norovirus. Norovirus attaches to shellfish through contaminated water sources. Fruits and vegetables that grow on the ground are also easily contaminated by viruses. Therefore, eat vegetables and fruits to clean and clean, eat seafood shellfish to cook thoroughly.
How is norovirus treated?
Norovirus currently has no vaccine or specific drugs. Norovirus infection is a self-limiting disease, generally symptomatic or supportive treatment, does not require the use of antibiotics, most people can recover within a week, and a small number of patients with serious complications need immediate medical treatment.
Pay attention to hydration
In severe cases, oral rehydration salt or infusion should be taken in time, and a small amount of light salt sugar water or rice soup can also be drunk.
Avoid high fever
If the fever can be physically cooled down, drink water in small quantities and multiple times, and if the body temperature is higher than 38.5 degrees Celsius for more than two hours, oral fever reducers should be taken.
Light diet
Reduce the intake of high-protein foods such as meat and eggs, as well as foods that can easily lead to bloating, such as milk, soy milk, etc.
Home environment
The residence should always open the window for ventilation to maintain indoor air circulation. Use of separate food utensils, towels and other daily necessities. Use chlorine-containing disinfectants to disinfect items, utensils, toilets, floors, etc. in your home.
How can noroviruses be prevented?
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Maintain good hand hygiene
This is the most important and effective measure to prevent norovirus infection and control the spread of norovirus. Before and after meals and before processing food, use soap and hand sanitizer, wash your hands according to the 6-step handwashing method, wash your hands under running water, and rub your hands carefully for at least 20 seconds.
Note: Disinfectant tissues and hand sanitizer are ineffective against norovirus and are not a substitute for handwashing.
Pay attention to dietary hygiene
Do not eat raw seafood, shellfish must be thoroughly cooked and cooked thoroughly. Cut raw and cooked food with a kitchen knife and a cutting board separately. Fruits are best peeled before eating.
Patients should be isolated at home
Family members infected with norovirus require isolation treatment. Try not to get close to other people, and don't prepare food for others and take care of others.
Do a good job of disinfection and protection
In the event of a cluster of norovirus outbreaks, disinfection should be strengthened. When handling vomit and contaminated items, wear plastic gloves and masks and avoid direct contact with contaminants. Maintain good environmental hygiene and indoor air circulation.
Source: Little Doctor Comics, Popular Science China
Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen Municipal Health Commission
Audit: Department of General Medicine, Run Run Shaw Hospital
Compiled by the comprehensive editor of Run Run Shaw Hospital
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