China is the hometown of tea, the birthplace of tea culture, in the continuous history of Chinese tea culture, Fujian tea culture condenses a unique geographical spirituality. Tea in Fujian has been for thousands of years, tea innovation is the most in Fujian, tea tasting skills are also the most strange in Fujian, Fujian tea has an important historical position and cultural value in the development of Chinese tea and even the development of the world.
Fujian is a large tea-producing province, its tea planting area, output, output value is not only among the best in the national tea production area, the category of tea is also quite rich and diverse, including oolong tea, black tea, white tea and many other categories, here are the world's anxi Tieguanyin, the glory of a hundred years of Wuyi rock tea, Xiangpiao Huanyu's Zhengshan small species, the three famous Chinese and foreign "Gongfu", unique Fujian white tea, Fragrant Fuzhou jasmine tea ... Each has its own charm and excitement.
In the fertile soil of fresh Fujian, the sunshine is bright, the air is fresh, the rain and dew are sweet, the soil is fertile, the effort is worth it, and the pursuit is regretless... Tea, for the people of Fujian, is not only a drink, but also a sustenance for a better life, and an important symbol for the spread of traditional Chinese culture. Tea culture is not only a vivid portrayal of people's self-cultivation and embellishment of life interests, but also an aftertaste and concern for melodious history, and is the spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation.
In March this year, when General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected and investigated in Fujian, he stressed that it is necessary to make overall plans for tea culture, tea industry, and tea science and technology, and placed great hopes on the local tea industry to take the road of science and technology to revitalize tea, ecological tea, and innovate to revitalize tea, and continue to make the tea industry bigger and stronger. How to further seize the domestic and foreign markets in the Fujian tea industry and embark on a road of innovative development and high-quality development is becoming one of the hot issues that the Chinese people are concerned about.
Today, the new era of "Guosheng Tea Xing" has given the Fujian tea industry a new connotation, and the Fujian tea culture that has been inherited for thousands of years has also endured in shouzheng innovation. Relying on national strategies such as tea diplomacy and the "Belt and Road" initiative, Fujian tea has ushered in the spring of development, and "colorful Fujian tea" is becoming a beautiful business card of "ecological Fujian green agriculture".
Fujian Tea Index
Oolong Tea: (1) Minnan Oolong Tea: Anxi Tieguanyin, Golden Gui, Benshan, Big Leaf Oolong, Hairy Crab, Zhangping Daffodil, Yongchun Bergamot, Zhangzhou Huangya Qilan, Jiangshan Beauty Tea. (2) Northern Fujian Oolong Tea: Wuyi Rock Tea (Da Hong Pao, Cinnamon, Daffodil, Water Golden Turtle, Iron Luohan, Unknown Spring, White Chicken Crown, Four Seasons Spring, Evergreen), Jian'ou Dragon Whisker Tea, Dongfeng Short-footed Oolong.
Black Tea: Zhengshan Small Varieties, MinHong Gongfu Tea (including Tanyang Gongfu, Zhenghe Gongfu, Bai Lin Gongfu), Jin Junmei, Silver Junmei. Zhenghe Gongfu is mainly produced in Zhenghe County, Tanyang Gongfu mainly produces Fu'an, Tuorong, Shouning, Zhouning, Xiapu and the northern part of Pingnan, and Bailin Gongfu produces Bailin and Hulin in Taimushan in Fuding County.
White tea: white silver needle, large white, white peony, Gongmei, Shoumei, mainly produced in Fuding, Zhenghe, Jianyang, Songxi and other places.
Flower Tea: Fuzhou Jasmine Tea
Green tea: Longyan oblique back green tea, Shiting green tea, Shaowu crushed copper tea.
Anxi Tieguanyin
Tieguanyin originated from the foothills of Yaoyang Mountain in Xiping Town, Anxi County, Fujian Province, and was created by local tea farmers between 1725 and 1735 at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Purebred Tieguanyin plants are shrub-type, with spreading trees, oblique branches, and horizontal leaves. The leaves are oval in shape, the leaf margins are sparse and blunt, and the leaf surface is wavy and raised, with a distinct rib shape, slightly rolled back to the back. Its tea strips are curly, fat and round, heavy and uniform, the color is sand green, and the soup color after brewing is golden and rich like amber, with a natural rich orchid fragrance, the taste is mellow and sweet, commonly known as "sound rhyme". Oolong tea is one of the six major tea categories in China, between green tea and black tea, belongs to the semi-fermented tea category, and the birth of its production process is a major innovation in china's traditional tea making process. As the best of oolong tea, as early as October 1986, Tieguanyin won the "Golden Gui Award of the International Gastronomy Tourism Association" in Paris, France, and was rated as one of the world's top ten famous teas; in October 2009, in the "Top Ten Famous Teas of the China World Expo" held in Shanghai, Anxi Tieguanyin won the first place; in 2010, Anxi Tieguanyin was officially stationed at the World Expo; in July 2020, Anxi Tieguanyin was selected as the first batch of protection lists of Geographical Indications in China and Europe; in the 2021 China Brand Value Evaluation Release, Anxi Tieguanyin topped the regional brand list with a brand value of 142.846 billion yuan.
Wuyi rock tea
Wuyi rock tea is produced in the Wuyi Mountain area of "Xiujia Southeast" in northern Fujian Province, and is an oolong tea with the quality characteristics of rock rhyme (rock bone flower fragrance), which is a traditional Chinese tea. Its tea trees are planted on the mountain rock, and the special environment and climate of Wuyi Mountain make Wuyi Rock Tea have a unique taste, with the fragrance of green tea, the sweetness of black tea, and it is the best in Chinese oolong tea. According to historical records, in the Tang Dynasty, the people have already taken Wuyi rock tea as a gift, and the Song and Yuan dynasties were listed as "tributes". Oolong tea produced in Wuyi Mountain, is commonly known as Wuyi Rock Tea, but due to the different places of tea production, there are Zhengyan tea, Half Rock Tea, Zhou Tea, its main varieties are Wuyi Daffodil, Wuyi Strange Species, Da Hong Pao, etc., Rock Tea is famous for Da Hong Pao, White Chicken Crown, Iron Luohan, Water Golden Turtle, etc., and other varieties of melon seed gold, golden key, half-day waist and other varieties. Wuyi rock tea is a semi-fermented green tea, and the preparation method is between green tea and black tea. Its quality is unique, unfounded, but the tea soup has a rich floral fragrance, and when drinking, it is sweet and delicious, and the aftertaste is endless. After being introduced to Europe in the 18th century, it was much loved by the local people and once had the reputation of "the medicine for a hundred diseases". In the release of the 2021 China brand value evaluation, the brand value of Wuyi Rock Tea reached 71.054 billion yuan, ranking second in the regional brand value of Tea in China for the fifth consecutive year.
Political and white tea
Zhenghe white tea is a specialty of Zhenghe County, Fujian Province, and a geographical indication product of China. Zhenghe County is the hometown of White Tea in China, known as "a thousand years of white tea, a hundred years of work" reputation. The superior ecological environment and exquisite tea making skills have created the unique quality of Zhenghe tea. Because it is located in a hilly area, the relative altitude of the two townships of Shitun and Dongping in the main production areas is below 380 meters, and the tea produced has a unique alpine characteristic. Zhenghe white tea has deep roots, dating back to the late Tang and early Song dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, Zhenghe has become an important Beiyuan tribute tea production area, and the silver needle tea produced is highly respected, and is praised by the literati as "Beiyuan Lingya TianxiaJing". During the reign of Emperor Zhenghe of the Song Dynasty (1115), the then Guandi County was renamed Guan Di (政和) because of the tribute tea silver needle, "happy to move longyan, was given the era name, and then changed the name of the county to Guan Di as Zhenghe". On March 20, 2007, the former State Administration of Quality Supervision officially approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Zhenghe White Tea"; in December 2019, "Zhenghe White Tea" was recognized as "China's Well-known Trademark" by the State Intellectual Property Office; Zhenghe White Tea has successively appeared in important activities such as the Hangzhou G20 Summit and the Xiamen BRICS Summit. In the release of The 2021 China Brand Value Evaluation, the brand value of Zhenghe White Tea reached 5.034 billion yuan.
Zhengshan small species
Zhengshan small species, also known as Lapushan small species, belongs to the black tea class, and artificial small species are collectively known as small black tea, which was first created in the Tongmu area of Chong'an County, Fujian Province (1989 Chong'an County was established as a city, renamed Wuyishan City). Zhengshan small species is the world's earliest black tea, also known as the originator of black tea, has a history of more than 400 years. The term "Zhengshan small seed" black tea was first called WUYI BOHEA in Europe, of which WUYI is the harmonic sound of Wuyi. In Europe (Britain) it is the symbol of Chinese tea, and later due to the prosperity of trade, the locals in order to distinguish other counterfeit small varieties of black tea (artificial small seeds or smoke small varieties) to disrupt the market, so named "Zhengshan small seeds". Now the same elevation and the same region around the paulownia wood, made with the same traditional craftsmanship, the same quality, living alone in the Guiyuan soup flavor is collectively referred to as "Zhengshan Little Bell". "Zhengshan" refers to the correct and authentic meaning, while "small species" refers to the meaning that its tea plant varieties are small leaf species, and the origin area and yield are limited by the microclimate of the region.
In 2002, Zhengshan small species obtained the registration of China's origin protection products. On July 20, 2020, The Zhengshan species was selected as one of the first list of protections of geographical indications in Europe. In August 2020, the State Intellectual Property Office approved the recognition of the "Zhengshan Small Species" trademark as a well-known trademark in China. In the 2018 nanping city geographical indication brand value evaluation, the brand value of Zhengshan small species was 4.804 billion yuan.
Fuding white tea
Fuding white tea belongs to micro-fermented tea, is China's traditional tea, one of the six major types of tea, usually refers to after picking, without greening and kneading, only after drying or drying processing of tea, is a specialty of Fuding City, Fujian Province, is also a landmark product of China's National Geographic. It is made of buds produced from Fuding "Huacha No. 1" or "Huacha No. 2", not fried or kneaded, made by special craftsmanship, its shape buds are complete, the soup color apricot yellow is clear, the taste is light, sweet and refreshing, the main varieties are divided into white silver needles, white peony, Gongmei, Shoumei. In June 2004, the former State Administration of Quality Supervision officially approved "Fuding White Tea" as a product of origin (i.e., a geographical indication protection product). As early as the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, white tea was exported to Europe and the United States as a high-end tea and was popular among the British aristocracy. It is reported that the wedding commemorative tea of the 2009 British Prince Century Wedding is prepared with Fuding white tea. In 2006, Fuding was awarded the "Hometown of Chinese White Tea" by the Ministry of Forestry, and in 2010, it was selected as the "Hometown of Chinese Tea Culture" by the China International Tea Culture Research Association, and "Fuding White Tea" was recognized as "China's Well-known Trademark" by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. In July 2020, Fuding White Tea was also included in the first batch of protection lists of geographical indications in Central Europe.
Fuzhou jasmine tea
Fuzhou is the birthplace of jasmine tea, which has a history of nearly a thousand years. Fuzhou jasmine tea is a reprocessed tea made by mixing processed dried tea leaves with jasmine flowers with buds to be placed, usually using green tea as a tea blank, and a few also have black tea and oolong tea. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Lu Jia's "Records of the Shape of South Vietnam" mentioned jasmine flowers, indicating that as early as 2200 years ago, jasmine was introduced from India with Buddhism to fuzhou, a southeastern Buddhist country, and Fuzhou gradually became the capital of jasmine. Due to the popularity of aromatherapy in the Song Dynasty, Chinese medicine fully understood the health care effects of tea and jasmine, and Fuzhou jasmine tea was produced in this environment. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou jasmine tea, as a royal tribute tea, began large-scale commercial production. In September 2009, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for "Fuzhou Jasmine Tea"; in May 2013, the Fuzhou Jasmine Planting and Tea Culture System was selected as the "First Batch of China's Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage" announced by the Ministry of Agriculture; in 2014, at the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Council and Seminar held in Rome, Italy, the Fuzhou Jasmine Planting and Tea Culture System was selected as the "Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage"; on July 20, 2020, Fuzhou jasmine tea was selected as one of the first list of protections of geographical indications in Europe.
Min Hong Gongfu Tea
Minhong Gongfu Tea is a collective term for Zhenghe Gongfu, Tanyang Gongfu and Bai Lin Gongfu, all of which are geographical indication protection products. Zhenghe Gongfu produced from Zhenghe County, is the most alpine variety of fujian black tea in the strip tea, its finished tea to Zhenghe large white tea varieties as the main body, appropriately blended by the small leaf species tea plant group selected with strong floral characteristics of Gongfu black tea, is the top product of Fujian Gongfu; Tanyang Gongfu is a specialty of Tanyang Village in Fu'an City, is the first of the three major Gongfu black tea in Fujian. In October 2009, it was approved by the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, becoming the first local product to obtain national standards, on September 30, 2010, it was approved to implement geographical indication product protection, on November 18, 2019, it was selected into the Chinese Agricultural Brand Directory, and on July 20, 2020, it was selected into the first batch of protection lists of Geographical Indications in Central Europe; Bai Lin Gongfu, produced in Bailin Town, Fuding City, Fujian Province, its strips are tightly knotted, containing a large amount of orange and yellow pekoe, with a fresh and pleasant fragrance, soup color, The leaf bottom is bright red and bright, named "orange red", which means orange-like red kung fu black tea. Bailin Gongfu tea making technology is the central process of creating Gongfu black tea, and it is also the key link from tea bud raw materials to the production of finished products, and it has a long inheritance and unique charm, which is an extremely valuable intangible cultural heritage in the history of Fuding. In the release of the 2021 China brand value evaluation, the brand value of Zhenghe Gongfu is 3.519 billion yuan, and the brand value of Tanyang Gongfu is 4.641 billion yuan.
Zhangping daffodil tea
Zhangping Shuixian tea is a traditional famous tea created by Zhangping tea farmers, which is a specialty of Zhangping City and a Chinese geographical indication product. Zhangping Jiupengxi area is the main production area of Zhangping Daffodil Tea, superior natural environmental conditions give Zhangping Daffodil Tea unique quality, Daffodil Tea Cake is the only tightly pressed tea in the Oolong tea category, with a natural floral fragrance such as orchid temperament, long-lasting, resistant to brewing, brown orange yellow or golden yellow, fine taste has daffodil fragrance, good throat, there is a sweet, more long-term drinking without hurting the stomach characteristics, in the dozens of varieties of oolong tea produced in Zhangping, it can be called a unique branch. As early as the early days of the Republic of China, Zhangping Daffodil Tea was exported to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan and other Southeast Asian regions and countries in large quantities, and won many awards. Since 1981, Zhangping Shuixian Tea has won the Famous Tea Award of the Fujian Famous Tea Appraisal Association, the Gold Medal of the 2nd China Agricultural Exposition in 1995, the "Five-Star" International Tea King of the China-Japan-Korea International Tea Culture Exchange Association in 2005, the Gold Award of the 7th Guangzhou Tea Culture Expo in 2006, the collective trademark of the geographical indication of "Zhangping Shuixian Tea" registered by the State Trademark Office in April 2008, and the "only designated tea" of the Hundred Flowers Award and the Golden Rooster Award of Chinese Films in 2016.
Zhangzhou Pinghe White Bud Qilan
White bud Chelan tea is a rare and good species of oolong tea that has been successfully bred from a single plant of the local Chelan group after more than ten years of efforts, and the quality of the tea has a unique "orchid" aroma, which is a national agricultural geographical indication product, and is a rare oolong tea in China, and the main production area is located in the area of DaqinShan. Since the early 1990s, Bai bud Qilan tea has been the variety with the largest tea cultivation area in Zhangzhou, and it has ranked among the five major teas in Fujian along with Tieguanyin, Wuyi rock tea, Northern Fujian Daffodil and Yongchun Bergamot. Since the success of breeding, it has won many awards at home and abroad, and has won the "Fujian Quality Tea Award" and "Fujian Famous Tea Award" more than ten times; in 1997, it won the "National Green Food Certificate" and "International Light Industry Expo Gold Award"; in 1998, it won the "International Tea Culture Expo Gold Award"; in 1999, it won the "China 99 Kunming World Expo Fujian Provincial Specialty Products Exhibition Gold Award"; in 2000, it won the "International Tea Culture Expo Gold Award" in Beijing; China Tea - International Exchange Conference & China Star Tea King Competition: Four Star Tea King and Famous Tea Award".
Yongchun Bergamot
Yongchun bergamot is mainly produced in The 600-meter to 900-meter high mountains of Sukeng, Yudou, Jindou and Guiyang townships in Yongchun County, and the main varieties are red bud bergamot tea and green bud bergamot tea, which is a unique flavor of Fujian oolong tea. Yongchun mountains and clear water, chaowu xilan, spring sweet soil red, the quality of the production of bergamot tea has always been the best of this type of tea, for different from other regions of bergamot tea, so called "Yongchun bergamot", because of the shape of the beautiful quality, the taste of extraordinary quality characteristics, by Fujian, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other places and Southeast Asian overseas Chinese loved, and won many awards. In 1985 and 1989, it was rated as a high-quality agricultural product by the Ministry of Agriculture; in 1995, it won the gold medal of the second China Agricultural Expo; in 1988, it won the gold medal of the first China Food Expo; in 1995 and 1997, it was identified as the gold medal of the second and third China Agricultural Exposition; in 1999, it won the gold award of the international famous tea of the Second China International Tea Expo Fair and was recognized as the famous tea of Fujian Province; in 2007, it was awarded the title of "The First Tea of China's Olympic Bid" and was given to foreign guests as one of the national gifts.
Jianyang small white tea
White tea according to its fresh leaf raw materials of tea plant size varieties, there are "big white" and "small white" points. In the history of production, "there was first white, then there was white, and then there was daffodil white". Created in the 1770s in the Jianyang region of Fujian Province, Zhangdun is its core production area and is the earliest white tea in China. In 2012, "Jianyang White Tea" was recognized as a geographical indication certification trademark by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. In 2019, Zhangdun Town was awarded the "Hometown of China's Little White Tea".
Jianyang small white tea with small leaves as raw materials, using half drying and half drying, not fried and not kneaded, provincial charcoal method to create, because of its shape such as eyebrows, and because the Qing Dynasty Fujian officials like to use the best small white tea to pay tribute to the court, so also called Gongmei, was once given by the royal emperor as "Gongmei white tea". Its vegetable tea has small buds, thin leaves, difficult to harvest, extremely low yield, and rare survival, which also determines its high value. In the release of The 2020 China Brand Value Evaluation Information, the brand value of Jianyang White Tea is 1.945 billion yuan.
Jiangshan Beauty Tea
Datian Jiangshan Beauty Tea, formerly known as "Oriental Beauty Tea", has a special nectar flower aroma, is the heaviest fermentation in oolong tea, and needs to be sucked by small green leafhoppers, and the quality of tea depends on the bite degree of small green leafhoppers. Its production process is the most complicated and exquisite of the six major types of tea, and it is necessary to hand pick the tender tea of "one bud and one leaf", which is refined by "withering, cool green, doing green, shaking green, cool green, fermentation, killing green, re-moistening, kneading, drying" and other processes, and the production is not easy, but also more precious. Jiangshan beauty tea has "three nobles": one noble "birth", Yangpo pure land, cicada tea taste natural; two noble "posture", colorful, god-like fairy flying sky; three gui "taste", the initial opening of the love sinus, sweet and mellow as honey.
Dongfeng short-legged oolong tea
Short-legged oolong, also known as small-leaf oolong, also known as soft-branched oolong, is a variety of oolong tea. Jian'ou Dongfeng Town is the hometown of Beiyuan Imperial Tea, and is also the birthplace and main production area of short-legged oolong tea.
Dongfeng short-footed oolong has a thousand-year history, because of the "Beiyuan Imperial Tea Garden - Dongfeng Short-footed Oolong" is well-known in the world, belonging to the local varieties of Fujian Province. The production is made by 8 processes such as one bud and three leaves as raw materials, such as sunlight and indoor heating withering, greening, greening, kneading, initial roasting, cooling, re-roasting, and finished products. Its tea shape is thin and heavy, the leaf end is twisted, the color is brown and green (dark), the inner aroma is clear and long, like a peach fragrance, the taste is simple and mellow, the soup color is golden yellow, and the soaking water is more than ten. Excellent quality, for the rare boutique. In the 2021 China brand value evaluation, the brand value of "Dongfeng Short Foot Oolong" is 7.472 billion yuan.
Crushed copper tea
Broken copper tea, also known as "Shenxian Tea", a specialty of Shaowu in Nanping City, Fujian Province, is a national geographical indication product of China, produced on Liuxian Peak and Wuyang Peak in Guanxing Mountain in the northwest of Shaowu Heping Ancient Town, and is one of the two "strange teas" in the world. The reason why broken copper tea is called "broken copper" is because it can chew the copper coin in the mouth, which makes it have a mysterious color. This may be that some of these ingredients react with saliva and copper coins, but the real reason is still inconclusive. According to the identification of the China Tea Science Institute, the content of tea polyphenols in broken copper tea is 3 times higher than that of ordinary tea, and the content of tannic acid, caffeine and other elements is also significantly higher than that of other teas. On December 14, 2012, the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine approved the implementation of geographical indication product protection for broken copper tea. In the release of China's brand value evaluation in 2021, the brand value of Shaowu broken copper tea reached 687 million yuan.
(Reporter: Liu Wenzhen Bao Guochun)