In the first year of Jianyan (1127), Zhao Shuo, the ninth son of Emperor Huizong of Song, responded to the state's anti-Jin sentiment, namely Ying Tianfu (Nanjing, song Dynasty, present-day Shangqiu, Henan, not present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) on the Song and Jin fronts, and was known as Emperor Gaozong of Song, who was the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Miao-Liu Mutiny, also known as the Change of Liu Miao and the Change of Ming, was a mutiny initiated by Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan in the third year of Jianyan (1129) to kill Emperor Gaozong of Song's favored vassals and eunuchs, The Qing Emperor, and forced Emperor Gaozong of Song to cede the throne to the three-year-old crown prince Zhao Xu. After the news of the mutiny came out, Miao and Liu did not take further measures, and the generals in various places took the position of Qin Wang to quell the chaos, and Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan, seeing that the situation was out of control, rushed to restore Emperor Gaozong of Song, and finally the two were defeated and beheaded at Jiankang.
Emperor Gaozong of Song zhao
Like the previous Song emperors, Emperor Gaozong of Song was already very afraid of local forces and generals supporting the army, and this time the government became a lingering shadow in his heart, so that he no longer trusted the military generals for the rest of his life. He frequently dispatched generals to achieve the goal of "soldiers who do not know the generals, who will not know the soldiers", which aggravated the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty. Emperor Miao Fu took the "Hui Qin" Emperor To question the legitimacy of Emperor Gaozong's throne in the north, and used this as the main reason to ask Emperor Gaozong to abdicate, deepening Emperor Gaozong's fear of military dictatorship and losing the throne, but due to the instability of the situation and the threat of Jin Bing, Gaozong still needed military generals to counter the threat of Jin Bing, and the main war faction and the main peace faction formed a balance of power in the dynasty until the capital Was hangzhou and Gaozong appointed Qin Jun.
This mutiny had a certain impact on Emperor Gaozong's future efforts to block Yue Fei's Northern Expedition, kill Yue Fei, and reach a peace agreement with the Jin Dynasty on Shaoxing, and to maintain half of the country and mountains in the south of the Jiangsu River.
The Shaoxing Peace Conference was the second peace negotiation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty in the eleventh year of The Song Shaoxing (1141), and Emperor Gaozong of Song accepted the harsh conditions of the Jin Dynasty in a hurry to seek peace. This peace negotiation reached the situation of the division of the north and south in the song and Jin dynasties for nearly a hundred years, roughly bounded by the Qinling-Huai River line.
Yue Fei
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The border between song and Jin was redrawn, bounded by huaishui in the east and Dashanguan in the west, and the Song cut tangzhou and Dengzhou (in present-day Henan province), and redefined the boundary between Shaanxi, and the Song lost about half of the land in Shangzhou (in present-day Shaanxi Province) and Qinzhou (in present-day Gansu Province) to Jin.
Song Fengbiao was declared a vassal of Jin, and the Lord of Song was the emperor.
On the birthday of the Lord of Jin and New Year's Day, Song must send envoys to congratulate him.
The Song paid 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk to Jin every year. Beginning in the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1142), it was sent to Sizhou for payment every spring.
On the night of Chinese New Year's Eve December of the eleventh year of Shaoxing (January 27, 1142), Emperor Gaozong of Song killed Yue Fei and his son Yue Yun and his general Zhang Xian at Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou) on charges of "false accusations", according to the History of Song, in order to satisfy the premise set by Emperor Yan Zongbi for the Imperial Unification and Peace Conference, and to demand that Yue Fei's 100,000 Yue family troops invade the north of the Yellow River, and to demand that Yue Fei be killed before peace could be negotiated.
The Battle of Quarry, also known as the Battle of Quarry Rock, refers to the famous battle in the ancient Chinese Song-Jin War, the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing 31 November (1161), the Jin Dynasty army hoped to cross the Yangtze River from Quarry Rock (Dangtu North, now Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, Yushan District Quarry Street) across the Yangtze River to cut down the Song Dynasty, but ultimately did not succeed, and ended in the victory of the Southern Song Dynasty, maintaining the situation of the Confrontation between the North and South of the Song and Jin.
The Southern Song Dynasty quickly reversed the situation and deterred the Jin army from continuing southward.
Emperor Jin yanliang was hanged by his subordinates because of the defeat at Guazhou.
Emperor Gaozong of Song's policy of vassalage to Jin was a complete failure, and he abdicated the following year.
The reign of Qianchun refers to the reign of Song Xiaozong, the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, from 1162 to 1189. The same period was also the reign of Emperor Jin Sejong of the Jin Dynasty.
Song Xiaozong
After Emperor Xiaozong ascended the throne, he immediately launched the Northern Expedition, but failed. During the Qiandao period, after the signing of the Longxing Peace Agreement, until Han Nongxu launched the Kaixi Northern Expedition, there was no war between Song and Jin for forty years, and because there was no interference from the war, Song Xiaozong had a dictatorship, the people were rich, the grain was abundant, and the peace and happiness were changed, which changed the situation in which Song Gaozong connived at the corruption of Qin Juniper's henchmen. During the years of Qiandao and Chunxi, because Emperor Xiaozong of Song ruled the country well, history called "the rule of Qianchun".
At the same time, the Jin Dynasty also reached a prosperous age under the use of meritocracy and rest with the people by Jin Sejong, so Kim Sejong was called "Xiao Yao Shun" by posterity, and the history was called "the rule of Dading". During the period when the Song and Jin dynasties were divided into different countries, Chinese culture was greatly enhanced and developed.
Zhu Xi's family was poor but intelligent from an early age, and he was a scholar in the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1148), only nineteen years old, and went through the four dynasties of Emperor Gaozong, Emperor Xiaozong, Emperor Guangzong, and Emperor Ningzong. Yu Jianyang Yungu Jiecao Hall name "Obscure Temple", here to teach, Song Lizong gave the name "Kaoting Academy", so the world called "Kaoting School", and because Zhu Xi alias "Ziyang", so the world called "Ziyang School". Zhu Xi was a student of Li Tong, a disciple of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, who inherited the Zhou Dunyi and Ercheng doctrines of the Northern Song Dynasty and founded the Song Dynasty's study philosophy, known as Rigaku. He has written many works, compiling "University", "Zhongyong", "Analects", and "Mencius" as four books as textbooks, and has also become the subject of examination for future generations, and in Chinese mainland, some experts believe that he established a complete system of objective idealism.
Cheng Zhu Lixue
Cheng Zhu Lixue is a school of Song Ming Science, also known as sexual science, sometimes referred to as science, as opposed to psychology. It refers to the Confucian school developed by Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu Xi and others after the Song Dynasty, believing that reason is the origin of all things in the universe (from different perspectives, it has different names, such as heaven, Tao, God, etc.), and it is good, it will give good to people and become nature, and good to society will become "etiquette"; and in the chaos of all things in the world, it is easy to lose the nature of endowment from "reason", and society will lose "etiquette".
The main schools of Song Ming Science include Zhou Dunyi's Taoist school (with "Tao" as the core concept), Shao Yong's school of mathematics (with "number" as the core concept), Zhang Zai and Wang Fuzhi's school of qi (with "qi" as the core concept), Cheng (Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi) and Zhu Xi's school of science (with "reason" as the core concept), Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming's school of mind (with "heart" as the core concept), Chen Liang and Ye Shi's School of Gong (with "Shigong" as the core concept), and so on. Lu Wangxin's study was at a time when Cheng Zhu Lixue was becoming increasingly rigid, and flourished in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Zhang Zai and Wang Fu's Qixue flourished in the Qing Dynasty when the study of mind was declining, and merged with the School of Meritorious Service.
The Song Dynasty was introduced to Japan and formed the Japanese Zhuzi School.
Han Nongtuō (6 November 1152 – 24 November 1207), also known as Han Nong tuō (仛仛), was a politician of the Southern Song Dynasty, a great-grandson of Han Qi, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the grandson of Han Jiayan, whose mother was the sister of Empress Wu of Emperor Gaozong of Song. He married Empress Wu's niece and was childless. The great-niece was Empress Gongshu of Song Ningzong.
Han Nong Tukaku
He cooperated with Emperor Zhao Ruyu to force Emperor Guangzong of Song to give the throne to his son Zhao Kuo the Prince of Jia, that is, Emperor Ningzong of Song, who was also known as Emperor Ningzong of Ningzong, and posthumously honored Yue Fei as the King of E, posthumously captured the official title of Qin Juniper, and vigorously advocated the Northern Expedition against Jin, but was lost due to the lack of generals. Later, at the suggestion of Jin Guo, he was killed by Empress Yang and Shi Miyuan, and the letter was given to Jin.
Because of his prohibition of Zhu Xi's theory and his disparagement of Zhao Ruyu, he was regarded as a traitor by the scholars of science. The Yuan compilation of the History of the Song Dynasty is listed as a traitor.
Han Nongxu gained the trust of Emperor Ningzong, and since then he has been able to monopolize power, be knighted, and control the military and government of the imperial court for thirteen years, and has been promoted step by step by the Privy Council. He first became a Zhengyi Pin Taishi, and then became an official ascendant to the "Pingzhang Military state affairs" that was even higher than the status of the general prime minister. Because he was afraid of Zhu Xi's influence among scholars, he called Zhu Xi's theory of pseudo-science and banned it, that is, the so-called Qingyuan Party ban, and the other said that it was because he was preparing for the Northern Expedition, and there were people among the scholars who were meticulous and stealing, so they banned it. In the fifth year of The Qingyuan Dynasty (1199), Lu You wrote the "Record of the South Garden" for Han Nongxin, and it is said that Han Nongxin also ordered the fourth lady to dance with RuanQin. In the text, Lu You encouraged Han Nongxin not to forget to resist Jin Zhongxing.
Shi Miyuan (史米遠) (23 February 1164 – 27 November 1233), courtesy name Tongshu, was a Chinese courtier during the Southern Song Dynasty. Son of Shi Hao, chancellor of the Emperor Xiaozong era. A native of Yin County, East Zhejiang (present-day Ningbo, Zhejiang). Fenghui Jijun Wang, (from Yipin), posthumously awarded the title of King of Wei and "Loyal Offering".
Shi Miyuan's power was scorching, and the crown prince Zhao Hu could not be at peace, often saying that he would send Shi Miyuan to eight thousand miles away, and predetermined "Qiongzhou or Yazhou" as his demeaning place, Shi Miyuan was afraid, and secretly plotted "The Matter of Yi Yin and Huo Guang". In the seventeenth year of Jiading (1224), Emperor Ningzong was critically ill, so he falsely proclaimed Zhao Guicheng the Prince of Yi as crown prince, and after Emperor Ningzong's death, he joined forces with Empress Yang's righteous brother Yang Cishan's sons Yang Gu and Yang Shi to successfully persuade Empress Yang to succeed emperor Zhao Guicheng as Emperor Lizong of Song, and demoted Zhao Guicheng to the title of King of Ji and enfeoffed Xiachuan (霅川, in modern Huzhou, Zhejiang). In the first month of the first year of Baoqing (1225), the change of Xia Chuan occurred, and on the pretext of conspiracy against the crime, zhao zhu was given death, and Zhao Zhu hanged himself, and Shi Miyuan lied to the outside world that he died of illness. Miyuan was even more powerful because of the merits of Emperor Lizong of Song, and until his death in 1233, Shi Miyuan had been in control of the Southern Song Dynasty, ruling for about 25 years, which was the longest reign of the Song Dynasty.
Shi Miyuan
The Song Dynasty respected the left side, but Shi Miyuan deliberately succumbed to the right side, in order to make no one dare to challenge its authority, and to create a long-term situation of "independent phase" rule.
After Shi Miyuan's death, Emperor Lizong was able to take the government personally, but his nephew Shi Songzhi remained in a high position. Shi Hao, Shi Miyuan, and Shi Song's ancestors and grandchildren all worshiped each other for three generations. Shi Miyuan's political status was too prominent, and the light of Song Lizong was also annihilated, and there was a saying that "there was no action for ten years of silence".
The Four Woods and Three Murderers guide Song Shi Miyuan was one of the seven traitors during the Xiang Period. "Simu" is Xue Ji, Hu Yu, Nie Zishu, Zhao Rushu and other four people, each of these four names has a "mu" character, is also Shi Miyuan's henchman, then known as "Simu". The "three murderers" refer to Li Zhixiao, Liang Chengda, and Mo Ze. All three of them attached themselves to Shi Miyuan, ostracized dissidents, and mutilated Wei Weng, Hong Zhikui, and other loyal liangs, known as the "Three Evils". The four woods and three fiercenesses made the upright gentlemen ostracized and made the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty even more corrupt.
Jia Xiangdao (1213–1275), courtesy name Shixian ,Yuesheng (岳生) and Qiu Ren (秋壑), was a Native of Tiantai in Taizhou (present-day Taizhou, Zhejiang Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was a chancellor of the Southern Song Dynasty who held power in the imperial court for more than twenty years before the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the History of the Song Dynasty, it is included in the biography of the traitor.
Jia Xiangdao
In 1264, Emperor Rizong died and Emperor Duzong took the throne. In the third year of Xianchun (1267), Jia Jin was made a Taishi (太師), and Pingzhang was an important military state. In order to test his position in the court, Jia told Emperor Duzong that he was old and asked to return to his hometown, and Emperor Duzong decreed that he should be allowed to go to a dynasty of six days, and there was no need to perform rituals like a hundred officials, and later it was a ten-day dynasty. It is also said that the early dynasty did not have to be a courtesy that all the powerful ministers of the Southern Song Dynasty had, not only Jia Xiangdao.
The "History of Song" gives an almost completely negative evaluation of Jia Rudao's life, and is directly included in the "Biography of a Traitor". However, Jia Rudao still had achievements in the early stages of his reign.
The Battle of Xiangyang was an important battle in the war between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty in China. Because the Southern Song Dynasty had always had the Yangtze River as a natural danger, the Yuan generals Guo Kan and Hao Jing believed that the strategy of attacking the Song Dynasty needed to be broken through by heavy troops from Hanshui, and Liu Zhen offered Kublai Khan a plan to take Xiangyang to attack the Song, and the proposal was adopted and began to prepare for a major war.
Xiangyang
In the fourth year of Xianchun (1268), Kublai Khan ordered Liu Zhen and Ah Shu to besiege Xiangyang and Fancheng (樊城, in modern Xiangyang, Hubei), and the defenders would be lü Wende and Lü Wenhuan' brothers, who were close associates of the Southern Song Dynasty's chancellor Jia Xiangdao.
The following year, Kublai Khan sent shi Tianze to assist in the battle. The Mongol army built a siege around the cities of Xiang and Fan, blocked the Han River, and repeatedly repelled the Southern Song reinforcements. In the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), Li Tingzhi oversaw the reinforcement of Xiang, which was unfavorable. Because Xiang and Fan had been besieged for a long time, grain and food were cut off, while at the same time, Song Duzong still ignored government affairs all day long.
In the first month of the ninth year of Xianchun (1273), after the Yuan army broke through Fancheng, it went on a killing spree, and Lü Wenhuan cried unceasingly. The Southern Song Dynasty general Fan Tianshun vowed not to surrender and eventually hanged himself; Niu Fu led more than a hundred warriors to fight in the alley, seriously injured and thrown into the fire. The Mongol commander Ah Shu sighed and promised that the whole city would be safe after Xiangyang surrendered, and then Xiangyang Song general Lü Wenhuan surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty after the Yuan army promised not to slaughter the city. The fall of Xiangyang and Fancheng allowed the Yuan army to cross the Yangtze River, leading to the eventual demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The Battle of Yamen (ancient Chinese as "厓", at present, Chinese mainland mostly as "cliff", Hong Kong and Taiwan continue to use "厓"), also known as the Battle of Yashan Sea, the Battle of Koumen, the Battle of Koumen, etc., is a battle between the Song army and the Yuan army at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, and this war directly involves the survival of the Southern Song Dynasty. The Song and Yuan sides invested more than 300,000 troops, and the final result of the war was that the Yuan army won more with less, and the Song army was completely destroyed. After this battle, the Southern Song Dynasty officially collapsed, and the original territory became part of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jiangmen Xinhui District Songyuan Yamen Naval Battle Cultural Tourism Zone Jiangmen Xinhui District SongyuanYamen Naval Warfare Cultural Tourism Zone
Cliff Gate in Guangdong Xinhui. Because there is a cliff mountain in the east and a soup bottle mountain in the west, it extends into the sea, just like a half-open and hidden door, so it is called a cliff gate.
Wen Tianxiang had been captured in Haifeng earlier, and was detained on a Yuan warship to witness the great defeat of the Song army; he once wrote a poem "On February 6, the great war at sea, the state affairs were not good, the lone minister Tianxiang sat in the north boat, wept to the south, and mourned for it."