The exhibition room of Li Xin's former residence
Li Xin
The journal "Iron Flower" founded by The New Dian Society
The tomb of Li Xin in the Mengzi Martyrs' Cemetery
The monument of the Mengzi Martyrs' Cemetery built after the founding of New China
Li Xin and the miners live in the Maragues mine
Malague Mine "Forty-Eight Beds" Mine
Site of the Xiaodongshan Riots
Collect and sort Out Yang Yongming
In August of the same year, through the introduction of Li Zigu, an underground member of the Communist Party of China, Li Xin took advantage of his fellow classmates with Zhu Xiaodong, the commander of the Third Division of the Longyun Division, to serve as the director of the political department of the division. In the work of the troops, Li Xin set strict demands on himself and played an exemplary role everywhere; he often told cadres and soldiers that when marching and camping, they should pay attention to the interests of the masses, and they were not allowed to encroach on the people's houses and take things from the common people; he also often talked to the soldiers, understood their sufferings, and listened to their demands. He was approachable and cared for the soldiers, and when he saw a soldier's feet blistering during the long march, he gave him his horseback riding, and after camping, he personally washed the feet of the soldier. His good style won the support of the vast number of middle- and lower-ranking officers and soldiers.
On July 20, 1927, Li Zonghuang, a special representative of the Kuomintang Central Committee in Nanjing, came to Yunnan to mediate the contradiction between Hu and Long and win over Long Yun to support Chiang Kai-shek and oppose the Communists. With the support of the Yuantong Temple Party Department (a right-wing kuomintang organization), Li Zonghuang openly proposed to close the left-wing party department of the Kuomintang, dissolve various people's organizations, and arrest revolutionaries. On November 3, Liang Yuanbin, a student at Chengde Middle School and a member of the Communist Youth League, was killed with a pistol by Li Zonghuang's guards while giving a speech in the street. After the incident, the people from all walks of life in Kunming expressed great anger. A protest rally was held. On 8 July, with Long Yun's acquiescence and support, and under the leadership and mobilization of the Yunnan Special Committee, all circles in Kunming held a "Yunnan Agricultural, Industrial, Commercial, and Commercial Cadets Joint Rescue Conference" at the South Campus, and Li Xin and Li Zigu mobilized some officers and men of Lu Han and Zhu Xudong's divisions to also attend the meeting. The congress sent a telegram denouncing Li Zonghuang's crime of shooting and killing Liang Yuanbin, and asked the government to arrest him, punish him according to law, and treat Liang Yuanbin's funeral, mourning, and building a martyr's tomb. After several months of continuous struggle, the Yunnan underground party won a major victory against Chiang Kai-shek and Drove Li, which once again aborted the plan of the Kuomintang Central Ruling Group to instigate the Qing Party in Yunnan.
Prepare to establish a rural base area in the Nan Special Committee
At the end of 1927, the national revolution turned to a low ebb, white terror enveloped Yunnan, and Li Xin was listed as a Communist Party dignitary who was arrested by Longyun and forced to leave the army. On December 8, 1927, the Yunnan Special Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting in Kunming, and the meeting elected the first Provisional Provincial Committee of Yunnan Province, and the secretaries Wang Desan and Li Xin were elected as members to be responsible for the work of the agricultural movement. In accordance with the spirit of the "Eighty-Seventh" meeting of the CPC Central Committee and the timely analysis of the serious situation it is facing, the special committee of the provincial provisional committee decided to stop its work in the political departments of the various divisions of the Yunnan Army, send Li Xin and others to be responsible for the work of the workers' movement and the peasant movement in the past, shift the focus of the party's work to the south of the country, and send Li Xin to prepare for the establishment of the special committee in southern Yunnan, mobilize the workers and peasants to carry out armed struggle, and establish rural base areas. In December 1927, the CPC Southern District Committee was established in Mengzi, with Li Xin as secretary, leading the party organization work in Mengzi, Gejiu, Shiping, Jianshui, Kaiyuan, Maguan, Pingbian, Guangnan and other counties, focusing on the work of the workers' movement and agricultural movement along the old mine and the Gebi Railway.
In January 1928, Li Xin and Du Tao led the Mengzi Xiaodongshan peasant armed rebellion, which was the first armed operation organized and led by the Communist Party of China in Yunnan. After the Xiaodongshan rebellion, the Mengzi Peasants' Association was established. In February, Li Xin and Ma Yifei came to an old place and settled in the carpenter shop opened by Li Kaiwang, a party member sent by the underground party in the early stage. After full preparation, Li Xin infiltrated the Huangmao Laojun Mine in the old south as a sand ding. After a period of observation, he believed that the mining area here was scattered, the number of workers was small, the factory management was strict, and the work could not be carried out. But he was not discouraged, but temporarily stabilized his position, ready to find an opportunity to break into the old tin company where the workers were concentrated. In June, together with Liu Yurui, a member of the Propaganda Committee of the Provincial Provisional Committee, he studied the "Analysis of the Old Situation and Work Opinions", and suggested that the party's work area should be changed from private mines to tin companies that use more machines to produce more and workers are concentrated.
In August, the Southern District sent Dai Deming to an old mine to assist Li Xin in his work, and Dai Deming assumed the name Tian Gui and used his connections to become an employee of the tin company. Subsequently, the party organization sent Yang Fengchun from Kunming to work in the tin company, and Li Xin, alias Shi Hongxiang, went to the malague mining area of the tin company as a ropeway worker in November.
In August, the CPC Yinan District Committee held a party congress in Kaiyuan County, presided over by Li Xin, to discuss the issues of the workers' movement, the peasant movement, the student movement, and the military movement in the southern region, and particularly emphasized the importance of launching armed struggle. In early October, Li Xin and Du Tao held a party congress in Chanippi to study issues such as the transfer to armed insurrection and the work in ethnic minority areas. In May, the Qinan District CPC Committee assigned Huang Mingjun and others to Work in Mengzi Chanippi, making Chanippi an important work base for the local organizations of the CPC in Yunnan. The pioneering work of the Southern Yunnan District Committee in Mengzi County laid a solid foundation for the later convening of the first party congress of Yunnan Province in Chanippi.
On October 13, 1928, the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in Yunnan was held in Mengzi Chanippi for a period of two days. Present at the meeting were members of the provincial party committee, members of the Yunnan District CPC Committee, representatives of Mengzi, Shiping, Maguan, Kunming, Yimen, railways, and mines, representatives of the designated workers' movement and the Communist Youth League, and Zhang Fang, who had just been sent back to Yunnan by the central authorities, for a total of 17 people. The congress elected the second Provisional Provincial Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of China in Yunnan, with Chen Tingxi as secretary, Chen Tingxi, Wu Shaomo, and Zhang Fang as members of the Standing Committee, Wu Cheng and Chen Jiaqian as members, and Du Tao and Yang Liren as alternate members. The meeting adopted the "Resolution of the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in Yunnan", "Resolution on the Workers' Movement", "Resolution on the Peasant Movement", etc. This congress is the first provincial party congress convened by the local organizations of the CPC in Yunnan, and it is also the only party congress held by the local organizations of the CPC in Yunnan during the period of underground activities. The formulation of the future principles and tactics of struggle is a meeting of great significance in the history of the CPC's local organizations in Yunnan. Li Xin and representatives of old miners attended the meeting.
On January 19, 1929, the Provisional Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China in Yunnan held an enlarged meeting in Kunming, attended by 17 delegates. The meeting studied the documents of the "Six Congresses" of the CPC, Wang Desan made a report on the transmission, the provincial provisional committee made a work report, and the provisional provincial party committee was re-elected, and 7 people, including Li Xin, Zhang Yonghe, Wang Desan, Xiaotian (a railway worker), Wu Jixi, Twin Guozhu, and Chen Tingxi, were elected as members of the provincial provisional committee. In accordance with the instructions of the "Sixth National Congress" of the CPC on "winning over the masses, uniting the masses, consolidating the general principles of trade unions and peasant associations" and "leading the economic struggle as much as possible to develop the mass organizations of workers and peasants," the Provincial Provisional Committee continued to go deep into the railway line, Mengzi, and the old mines to publicize and mobilize the masses, restore the mass organizations, and carry out mass movements. In late January, the Provincial Provisional Committee reorganized the Qinan District Committee into the Qinan Special District Committee, designated Wang Desan as secretary (later Zhang Yonghe), Li Xin and 7 other members as members, and had 3 county party committees, 3 special branches, and 2 directly subordinate branches under its jurisdiction, with 248 party members.
The last drop of blood was shed for the Chinese revolution
In February 1929, the provincial pro-japanese party member Ai Zhicheng (Ai Qiguo), who had returned from studying in Japan, was appointed to assist Li Xin in his work.
Li Xin's fraternity and enthusiastic help to the workers in the mine won the love and trust of the workers, and when the conditions were ripe, Li Xin used the form of drinking chicken blood wine and other forms to worship the workers to "put the brothers" to organize the "Brotherhood", and he also formed a secret red trade union with firm and reliable workers, developed more than 60 members, developed Communist Party members among the first conscious workers, and established the first mine branch of the Communist Party in Yunnan, opening up the situation of mine work, and by the end of 1928, later, On the basis of the mine branch, a special branch of the CPC's old mine was established, with 7 party members, Li Xin was responsible for organizing a fraternity in the Malague mine, Dai Deming was in charge of all aspects of the situation at the tin company at any time, and Yang Fengchun was responsible for liaison work in the old tin company. Through fruitful work, the special branch of the mine led by Li Xin has brought the struggle of mine workers into a new period of historical development. At the same time, Li Xin recorded the history of the suffering of the workers he learned, sorted it out and processed it, used the popular folk tunes among the miners, filled in the lyrics exposing the exploitation and oppression of the capitalists and telling the suffering of the workers who carried the mines, and compiled more than 20 songs and ballads, such as "Walking the Factory Tune", "Moon Sigh poverty", "Twelve Glasses of Wine", "Eight O'Clock", "New Year's Tune", and "Point Soldier Tune", which were copied among the miners and widely circulated, which effectively encouraged the fighting spirit of the miners.
The heavy work of the miners, the inhuman living conditions, and the difficult labor movement activities seriously damaged Li Xin's health, and the higher-level party organizations and comrades were very concerned about him and strongly advised him to change places to adjust him. However, he said optimistically: "The work in the mines, life is hard, other comrades to go as hard as it is, not to mention that I have to go through a long period of preparation, I have to start from scratch, and the body may not be able to eat, then there is no need, no matter how hard, I will stick here until the victory of the workers' struggle." ”
Affected by the March 1929 strike movement of the 1929 Gebi Railway workers demanding wage increases, in April, Li Xin and Dai Deming led a strike at the Malaga Mine, an old tin company, demanding salary increases and improving working conditions. Through Li Xin's sophisticated organization, through a strike struggle that lasted for 5 days, and with the solidarity of a primary school teacher in the old city, the following results of the struggle were achieved: increased wages and paid monthly; guaranteed to have old mother's soup (referring to the soup made from soybeans ground and boiled) every day; and each worker was given a sheepskin coat. However, the vigorous revolutionary activities of the miners attracted the attention and vigilance of Tao Jilu, the general manager of the Tin Affairs Company, and Li Xin's revolutionary songs compiled by using folk minor tunes were widely disseminated, and he exchanged more letters with other places. In May, Li Xin conceived among the workers a strike struggle to further improve working conditions for an 8-hour working day, and considered launching an armed insurrection with the intention of seizing the mining areas of Malague and setting off an even greater revolutionary storm. Unexpectedly, a skilled worker who leaked secrets after getting drunk aroused the vigilance of the company's management, that is, contacted the county government, sent armed forces, and surrounded the Malague workshop for a large-scale search. During the search, several secret publications distributed by the local subordinate party were discovered, as well as letters and relevant materials written by Ju Bonian and Wu Zhenxiang to Yang Fengchun and Dai Deming of the Mengzi Machine Repair Factory of the Gebi Railway, and Li Xin, Dai Deming, Yang Fengchun, Ju Bonian, and Wu Zhenxiang were immediately arrested.
In the face of the enemy's threats, inducements, and severe torture, Li Xin, Dai Deming, Yang Fengchun, and others showed the high style and bright style of the Communist Party members. In the face of Li Xin's solemn stance and indomitable spirit, Tao Jilu had no choice but to use the high-ranking official Houlu to bribe and induce him to surrender, but Li Xin and others were still unmoved. Subsequently, he was severely tortured, and Li Xin was not succumbed to it.
After Li Xin and others were arrested, the higher-level party organization studied the rescue plan, but due to changes in the situation, the rescue was not successful.
On May 11, 1929, Long Yundian, chairman of Yunnan Province, ordered Meng Zidao Yin Jiang Canbai to be responsible for trying Li Xin and other important cases. Li Xin, Dai Deming, Yang Fengchun, and Ju Bonian, who was arrested on the Gebi Railway, were secretly escorted to Mengzi. Despite facing death, they behaved unusually strongly. In the enemy's courtroom, the righteousness was awe-inspiring, denouncing the fascist atrocities of the Kuomintang and propagating the revolutionary ideas of the Communist Party.
On May 16, 1929, outside the stone walls of Mengzi City, Li Xin shed the last drop of blood for the Chinese revolution and sacrificed his precious life for the liberation of the toiling masses of workers and peasants. At that time, Li Xin was only 32 years old.
On the night that Li Xin and the four people were killed, the party organization sent someone to bury the remains of the martyrs. In 1940, Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the CPC Central Committee, entrusted Zhu Jiabi, who was about to return to Yunnan to work in Yan'an, to express his condolences to Li Xin's relatives on behalf of the Party Central Committee and ask him to transfer the 50 yuan pension to Li Xin's wife.
Revolutionary martyrs will never die
After the founding of New China, the party and the government moved their coffins and buried them in the Mengzi Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery. In 1984, with the approval of the Department of Civil Affairs of Yunnan Province and the consent of the martyr's bereaved family, the Cpc Longling County Party Committee and the county people's government built the Li Xin Martyrs Memorial Hall on the site of Li Xin's birthplace, so that future generations will always remember it. In 2012, he coordinated with Li Xin's descendants and began to restore and rebuild Li Xin's former residence in September. Completed in September 2013, the reconstruction of Li Xin's former residence and the unveiling ceremony of Li Xin's bronze statue were held in November. The restoration and reconstruction of Li Xin's former residence is a permanent commemoration of revolutionary martyrs and is of far-reaching significance for restoring revolutionary history, preserving revolutionary historical materials, promoting the inheritance of red culture, and cultivating the national spirit.