Android M運作時權限是個啥東西
啥是運作時權限呢？Android M對權限管理系統進行了改版，之前我們的App需要權限，隻需在manifest中申明即可，使用者安裝後，一切申明的權限都可來去自如的使用。但是Android M把權限管理做了加強處理，在manifest申明了，在使用到相關功能時，還需重新授權方可使用。當然，不是所有權限都需重新授權，是以就把這些需要重新授權方可使用的權限稱之為運作時權限。
運作時權限的影響
運作時權限的好處可以讓使用者使用時更有主動權，不會讓app随便亂來。
但是受害最深的卻是我們這些受苦受難的開發者，為何這麼說呢？如果你的app的targetSdkVersion 是23也就是android 6.0的話，遇到運作時權限不去做代碼處理的話，程式直接崩掉。
是以，如果你的app沒有在android 6.0上做足夠的測試，請不要設定targetSdk為23，22以下就不會出現問題。
但是，作為開發者，我們還是必須要與時俱進的不是，而且以後的主流機型也必然是android M，怎麼能不去适配他/她呢？繼續往下看。
哪些是運作時權限
要先做好适配，那就必然要先了解哪些是運作時權限。
先看下哪些是不用特殊處理的權限，android稱之為普通權限：
參考連結：http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/normal-permissions.html
As of API level 23, the following permissions are classified as PROTECTION_NORMAL:
android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.BLUETOOTH
android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE
android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
android.permission.INTERNET
android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
android.permission.NFC
android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR
android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT
android.permission.VIBRATE
android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM
com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT
com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
危險權限表
同一組的任何一個權限被授權了，其他權限也自動被授權。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授權了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
------------------------------ 關鍵部分來了---------------------------------------------
代碼封裝
封裝代碼如下：
在BaseActivity添加如下代碼：
/
public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes,PermissionCallback runnable,@NonNull String... permissions){
if(permissions == null || permissions.length == 0)return;
// this.permissionrequestCode = requestCode;
this.permissionRunnable = runnable;
if((Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) || checkPermissionGranted(permissions)){
if(permissionRunnable!=null){
permissionRunnable.hasPermission();
permissionRunnable = null;
}
}else{
//permission has not been granted.
requestPermission(permissionDes,permissionRequestCode,permissions);
}
}
private boolean checkPermissionGranted(String[] permissions){
boolean flag = true;
for(String p:permissions){
if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, p) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
flag = false;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}
private void requestPermission(String permissionDes,final int requestCode,final String[] permissions){
if(shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions)){
// Provide an additional rationale to the user if the permission was not granted
// and the user would benefit from additional context for the use of the permission.
// For example, if the request has been denied previously.
// Snackbar.make(getWindow().getDecorView(), requestName,
// Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE)
// .setAction(R.string.common_ok, new View.OnClickListener() {
// @Override
// public void onClick(View view) {
// ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseAppCompatActivity.this,
// permissions,
// requestCode);
// }
// })
// .show();
//如果使用者之前拒絕過此權限，再提示一次準備授權相關權限
new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
.setTitle("提示")
.setMessage(permissionDes)
.setPositiveButton(R.string.common_ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseAppCompatActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);
}
}).show();
}else{
// Contact permissions have not been granted yet. Request them directly.
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseAppCompatActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);
}
}
private boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String[] permissions){
boolean flag = false;
for(String p:permissions){
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,p)){
flag = true;
break;
}
}
return flag;
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
@NonNull int[] grantResults) {
if(requestCode == permissionRequestCode){
if(verifyPermissions(grantResults)){
if(permissionRunnable!=null) {
permissionRunnable.hasPermission();
permissionRunnable = null;
}
}else{
showToast("暫無權限執行相關操作！");
if(permissionRunnable!=null) {
permissionRunnable.noPermission();
permissionRunnable = null;
}
}
}else{
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
}
public boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
// At least one result must be checked.
if(grantResults.length < 1){
return false;
}
// Verify that each required permission has been granted, otherwise return false.
for (int result : grantResults) {
if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/
public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes,BaseAppCompatActivity.PermissionCallback runnable,@NonNull String... permissions){
if(getActivity()!=null && getActivity() instanceof BaseAppCompatActivity){
((BaseAppCompatActivity) getActivity()).performCodeWithPermission(permissionDes,runnable,permissions);
}
}
一句代碼使用：
比如，我們要請求相機：
performCodeWithPermission("XX App請求通路相機權限",new BaseAppCompatActivity.PermissionCallback() {
@Override
public void hasPermission() {
//執行打開相機相關代碼
}
@Override
public void noPermission() {
}
}, Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
寫在最後
如果讀者還是沒有看過文章開頭推薦的文章，建議先看一遍，有些知識和出現問題的場景此文沒有細說，看完後對運作時權限會有更好的了解。
另外，如果本文有描述不對之處，還望大家多多指正，多謝！
===20160509更新========
checkSelfPermission檢測權限失效問題
public boolean selfPermissionGranted(String permission) {
// For Android < Android M, self permissions are always granted.
boolean result = true;
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
// targetSdkVersion >= Android M, we can
// use Context#checkSelfPermission
result = context.checkSelfPermission(permission)
== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
} else {
// targetSdkVersion < Android M, we have to use PermissionChecker
result = PermissionChecker.checkSelfPermission(context, permission)
== PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
}
return result;
}
擷取target sdk的方法如下：
try {
final PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(
context.getPackageName(), 0);
targetSdkVersion = info.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion;
} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
官方解決方案 EasyPermissions
google自己出了一個解決方案，在github上叫easypermissions。
連結為：https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions
【原創文章，轉載請注明出處】
![android運作時權限代碼,Android 6.0運作時權限詳解[圖]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)