裝了Linux虛拟機rhel-server-6.4 版本後,在網上看到利用 yum -y install gcc安裝gcc的教程,遇到的各種問題,因為是小白,一步一步詳解如下:
1.首先切換root賬号:
輸入su後輸入密碼, 切換到root $ -> #
2. 按照網上教程輸入, yum -y install gcc ,并沒有成功,傳回Error。網上搜了一下需要先删除掉redhat自帶的yum包。
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps(不檢查依賴,直接删除rpm包)
再用
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
[[email protected] ~]#
3.下載下傳yum包
#wget url/yum-3.2.27-14.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
#wget url/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
#wget url/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.26-11.el6.noarch.rpm
#wget url/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
注:網上的url絕大多數都是不準的, 自己根據系統位數将url替換下面的路徑:
32位: http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/i386/Packages/
64位:http://tel.mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/
可以打開上面的路徑自己查找。
4. 安裝
注意:單個的安裝包可能會依賴其它包(例如yum和yum-fastestmirror會互相依賴),是以我們可以把所有這些包放在一起,用一行指令将它們同時安裝即可:
#rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.el6.i686.rpm
yum-3.2.27-14.el6.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.26-11.el6.noarch.rpm
5. yum配置
# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo
# vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo
修改如下幾處:
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
[base]
name=CentOS-6 - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-6 - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-6 - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-6 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-6 - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=6&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
儲存退出 (按esc之後, wq )
6.清除原有緩存
# yum clean all
PS: 本人在此處還是會有報錯, 進入etc/yum.repos.d/後發現還有多餘的幾個.repo檔案,是以發狠 rm -rf
删了幹淨,重新來過,終于搞定!
重建緩存,以提高搜尋安裝軟體的速度
# yum makecache
更新系統
# yum update
PS:
檢視Linux是32還是64:
1.uname -a
例如我的機子輸入指令後輸出:
Linux zou-acertox42 2.6.38-10-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 28 15:05:41 UTC 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
如果是64位的則可能輸出:
Linux web1 2.6.9-22.ELsmp #1 SMP Mon Sep 19 18:00:54 EDT 2005 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2. #getconf LONG_BIT