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C# WPF側邊欄導航菜單（Dropdown Menu）

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本文 Dotnet9 https://dotnet9.com 已收錄，站長樂于分享dotnet相關技術，比如Winform、WPF、ASP.NET Core等，亦有C++桌面相關的Qt Quick和Qt Widgets等，隻分享自己熟悉的、自己會的。

閱讀導航：

  • 一、先看效果
  • 二、本文背景
  • 三、代碼實作
  • 四、文章參考
  • 五、代碼下載下傳

YouTube  Design com WPF 大神處習得，菜單導航功能實作，正常的管理系統應該常用，左側顯示菜單條目，點選菜單，右側切換不同的業務使用者控件。

常用菜單可以采用TreeView樹形控件+特定樣式實作 ，本文介紹的是使用Expander+ListView的組合形式實作的導航菜單，兩種各有各的好處，本文不做優劣評價。

3.1 添加Nuget庫

站長使用.Net Core 3.1建立的WPF工程，建立“DropDownMenu”解決方案後，需要添加兩個Nuget庫：MaterialDesignThemes和MaterialDesignColors，上圖的效果是使用該控件庫實作的，非常強大。

3.2 工程結構

檔案說明：

  • App.xaml：隻引入MD控件樣式。
  • MainWindow.展示導航菜單及控制菜單對應的使用者控件切換。
  • UserControlMenuItem為單個菜單使用者控件，由 Expander+ListView的組合形式實作 。
  • UserControlCustomers和UserControlProviders作為兩個舉例用的業務使用者控件。
  • ViewModel中定義的兩個菜單相關的類，将菜單及業務使用者控件關聯。

3.3 App.xaml引入MD控件樣式 

1 <Application x:Class="DropDownMenu.App"
 2              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4              xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DropDownMenu"
 5              StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml">
 6     <Application.Resources>
 7         <ResourceDictionary>
 8             <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
 9                 <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MaterialDesignThemes.Wpf;component/Themes/MaterialDesignTheme.Light.xaml"/>
10                 <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MaterialDesignThemes.Wpf;component/Themes/MaterialDesignTheme.Defaults.xaml"/>
11                 <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MaterialDesignColors;component/Themes/Recommended/Primary/MaterialDesignColor.Blue.xaml"/>
12                 <ResourceDictionary Source="pack://application:,,,/MaterialDesignColors;component/Themes/Recommended/Accent/MaterialDesignColor.Indigo.xaml"/>
13             </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
14         </ResourceDictionary>
15     </Application.Resources>
16 </Application>

3.4 主窗體

MainWindow.xaml，整體布局，看上圖加上下面的界面代碼，添加界面左上角logo圖示、左側導航菜單、右側業務控件顯示容器等。

1 <Window x:Class="DropDownMenu.MainWindow"
 2         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4         xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
 5         xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
 6         xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DropDownMenu"
 7         xmlns:materialDesign="http://materialdesigninxaml.net/winfx/xaml/themes"
 8         mc:Ignorable="d"
 9         Title="下拉菜單" Height="450" Width="800" WindowStartupLocation="CenterScreen" WindowState="Maximized">
10     <Grid>
11         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
12             <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
13             <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
14         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
15         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
16             <ColumnDefinition Width="250"/>
17             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
18         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
19 
20         <materialDesign:ColorZone Mode="PrimaryMid" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch">
21             <Grid>
22                 <materialDesign:PopupBox PlacementMode="BottomAndAlignRightEdges" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Margin="10"/>
23             </Grid>
24         </materialDesign:ColorZone>
25         <Grid HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" Grid.Row="1" Background="{StaticResource PrimaryHueMidBrush}">
26             <Grid.RowDefinitions>
27                 <RowDefinition Height="70"/>
28                 <RowDefinition Height="326*"/>
29             </Grid.RowDefinitions>
30             <Grid Grid.Row="0" Background="GhostWhite">
31                 <Image Source="https://img.dotnet9.com/logo.png"/>
32             </Grid>
33             <ScrollViewer HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto" Grid.Row="1">
34                 <StackPanel x:Name="Menu" Margin="10"/>
35             </ScrollViewer>
36         </Grid>
37         <StackPanel x:Name="StackPanelMain" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch">
38             
39         </StackPanel>
40     </Grid>
41 </Window>

MainWindow.xaml.cs，主窗體背景代碼，沒啥好說的，初始化菜單綁定資料、切換菜單顯示使用者控件。

1 using DropDownMenu.ViewModel;
 2 using MaterialDesignThemes.Wpf;
 3 using System;
 4 using System.Collections.Generic;
 5 using System.Linq;
 6 using System.Text;
 7 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 8 using System.Windows;
 9 using System.Windows.Controls;
10 using System.Windows.Data;
11 using System.Windows.Documents;
12 using System.Windows.Input;
13 using System.Windows.Media;
14 using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
15 using System.Windows.Navigation;
16 using System.Windows.Shapes;
17 
18 namespace DropDownMenu
19 {
20     /// <summary>
21     /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
22     /// </summary>
23     public partial class MainWindow : Window
24     {
25         public MainWindow()
26         {
27             InitializeComponent();
28 
29             var menuRegister = new List<SubItem>();
30             menuRegister.Add(new SubItem("客戶", new UserControlCustomers()));
31             menuRegister.Add(new SubItem("供應商", new UserControlProviders()));
32             menuRegister.Add(new SubItem("員工"));
33             menuRegister.Add(new SubItem("産品"));
34             var item6 = new ItemMenu("登記", menuRegister, PackIconKind.Register);
35 
36             var menuSchedule = new List<SubItem>();
37             menuSchedule.Add(new SubItem("服務"));
38             menuSchedule.Add(new SubItem("會議"));
39             var item1 = new ItemMenu("預約", menuSchedule, PackIconKind.Schedule);
40 
41             var menuReports = new List<SubItem>();
42             menuReports.Add(new SubItem("客戶"));
43             menuReports.Add(new SubItem("供應商"));
44             menuReports.Add(new SubItem("産品"));
45             menuReports.Add(new SubItem("庫存"));
46             menuReports.Add(new SubItem("銷售額"));
47             var item2 = new ItemMenu("報告", menuReports, PackIconKind.FileReport);
48 
49             var menuExpenses = new List<SubItem>();
50             menuExpenses.Add(new SubItem("固定資産"));
51             menuExpenses.Add(new SubItem("流動資金"));
52             var item3 = new ItemMenu("費用", menuExpenses, PackIconKind.ShoppingBasket);
53 
54             var menuFinancial = new List<SubItem>();
55             menuFinancial.Add(new SubItem("現金流"));
56             var item4 = new ItemMenu("财務", menuFinancial, PackIconKind.ScaleBalance);
57 
58             Menu.Children.Add(new UserControlMenuItem(item6, this));
59             Menu.Children.Add(new UserControlMenuItem(item1, this));
60             Menu.Children.Add(new UserControlMenuItem(item2, this));
61             Menu.Children.Add(new UserControlMenuItem(item3, this));
62             Menu.Children.Add(new UserControlMenuItem(item4, this));
63         }
64 
65         internal void SwitchScreen(object sender)
66         {
67             var screen = ((UserControl)sender);
68 
69             if (screen != null)
70             {
71                 StackPanelMain.Children.Clear();
72                 StackPanelMain.Children.Add(screen);
73             }
74         }
75     }
76 }

3.5 導航子菜單使用者控件

UserControlMenuItem.xaml

1 <UserControl x:Class="DropDownMenu.UserControlMenuItem"
 2              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4              xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
 5              xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
 6              xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DropDownMenu"             
 7              xmlns:materialDesign="http://materialdesigninxaml.net/winfx/xaml/themes"
 8              mc:Ignorable="d">
 9     <Grid>
10         <materialDesign:PackIcon Kind="{Binding Icon}" Width="15" Height="15" Margin="10 16" Foreground="White"/>
11         <ListBoxItem x:Name="ListViewItemMenu" Content="{Binding Header}" Padding="37 14" FontSize="15" Foreground="White"/>
12         <Expander x:Name="ExpanderMenu" Header="{Binding Header}" IsExpanded="False" Width="210" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Background="{x:Null}" Foreground="White">
13             <ListView x:Name="ListViewMenu" ItemsSource="{Binding SubItems}" Foreground="White" ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled" SelectionChanged="ListViewMenu_SelectionChanged">
14                 <ListView.ItemTemplate>
15                     <DataTemplate>
16                         <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Padding="20 5"/>
17                     </DataTemplate>
18                 </ListView.ItemTemplate>
19             </ListView>
20         </Expander>
21     </Grid>
22 </UserControl>

UserControlMenuItem.xaml.cs

1 using DropDownMenu.ViewModel;
 2 using System;
 3 using System.Collections.Generic;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Windows;
 6 using System.Windows.Controls;
 7 using System.Windows.Data;
 8 using System.Windows.Documents;
 9 using System.Windows.Input;
10 using System.Windows.Media;
11 using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
12 using System.Windows.Navigation;
13 using System.Windows.Shapes;
14 
15 namespace DropDownMenu
16 {
17     /// <summary>
18     /// UserControlMenuItem.xaml 的互動邏輯
19     /// </summary>
20     public partial class UserControlMenuItem : UserControl
21     {
22         MainWindow _context;
23         public UserControlMenuItem(ItemMenu itemMenu, MainWindow context)
24         {
25             InitializeComponent();
26 
27             _context = context;
28 
29             ExpanderMenu.Visibility = itemMenu.SubItems == null ? Visibility.Collapsed : Visibility.Visible;
30             ListViewItemMenu.Visibility = itemMenu.SubItems == null ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed;
31 
32             this.DataContext = itemMenu;
33         }
34 
35         private void ListViewMenu_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
36         {
37             _context.SwitchScreen(((SubItem)((ListView)sender).SelectedItem).Screen);
38         }
39     }
40 }

3.6 菜單ViewModel類

ItemMenu.cs

1 using MaterialDesignThemes.Wpf;
 2 using System;
 3 using System.Collections.Generic;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Windows.Controls;
 6 
 7 namespace DropDownMenu.ViewModel
 8 {
 9     public class ItemMenu
10     {
11         public ItemMenu(string header, List<SubItem> subItems, PackIconKind icon)
12         {
13             Header = header;
14             SubItems = subItems;
15             Icon = icon;
16         }
17 
18         public string Header { get; private set; }
19         public PackIconKind Icon { get; private set; }
20         public List<SubItem> SubItems { get; private set; }
21         public UserControl Screen { get; private set; }
22     }
23 }

SubItem.cs

1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Text;
 4 using System.Windows.Controls;
 5 
 6 namespace DropDownMenu.ViewModel
 7 {
 8     public class SubItem
 9     {
10         public SubItem(string name, UserControl screen = null)
11         {
12             Name = name;
13             Screen = screen;
14         }
15         public string Name { get; private set; }
16         public UserControl Screen { get; private set; }
17     }
18 }

3.7 兩個舉例用的使用者控件

UserControlCustomers.xaml

1 <UserControl x:Class="DropDownMenu.UserControlCustomers"
 2              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4              xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
 5              xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
 6              xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DropDownMenu"
 7              mc:Ignorable="d" 
 8              d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
 9     <Grid>
10         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
11             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
12             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
13             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
14             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
15         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
16         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
17             <RowDefinition Height="150"/>
18             <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
19         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
20         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="0" Background="#FFC5C5C5" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
21         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="1" Background="#FF7C54A0" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
22         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="2" Background="#FF83CD80" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
23         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="3" Background="#FFEE9246" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
24     </Grid>
25 </UserControl>

UserControlProviders.xaml

1 <UserControl x:Class="DropDownMenu.UserControlProviders"
 2              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
 3              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
 4              xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
 5              xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
 6              xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DropDownMenu"
 7              mc:Ignorable="d" 
 8              d:DesignHeight="450" d:DesignWidth="800">
 9     <Grid>
10         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
11             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
12             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
13             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
14             <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
15         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
16         <Grid.RowDefinitions>
17             <RowDefinition Height="150"/>
18             <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
19         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
20         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="0" Background="#FFD4E436" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
21         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="1" Background="#FF81F9FF" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
22         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="2" Background="#FF144BC3" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
23         <Border Margin="5" Grid.Column="3" Background="#FFD34EBA" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" CornerRadius="12"/>
24     </Grid>
25 </UserControl>

建議直接打開大神視訊學習，他的YouTube上還有很多代碼視訊哦，參考：

參考視訊： Design com WPF： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JZJh7D0E5E

源碼Github位址： https://github.com/Abel13/DropdownMenu

文章中代碼幾乎已經全部貼出，就是這麼多。

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